Evaluasi Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Lokal Bagi Balita Wasting di Puskesmas Wilayah Kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman Tahun 2024

Niatika Windari, Tony Arjuna, S.Gz., M.Nut.Diet., AN., APD., Ph.D ; dr. Lutfan Lazuardi, M.Kes., Ph.D

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Indikator penilaian kesehatan di Indonesia pada Sustainable Development Goals yaitu status gizi balita. Berdasarkan hasil data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2024, prevalensi balita wasting di Indonesia mencapai 6,2%. Pada Kabupaten Sleman di Provinsi Yogyakarta saat ini prevalensi balita wasting sebesar 5,4% yang sebelumnya pada Tahun 2023 7,4%. Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Lokal, ditujukan untuk meningkatkan asupan energi dan protein balita. Namun, efektivitas program tidak hanya ditentukan dari hasil gizi, melainkan juga proses pelaksanaannya. Pada Kabupaten Sleman, program ini telah berjalan tetapi belum pernah dievaluasi dampaknya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan dan efektivitas Program PMT Lokal bagi balita wasting di Kabupaten Sleman.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed method dengan desain sequential explanatory.

Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna berat badan, tinggi badan, dan z-score balita wasting sebelum dan setelah intervensi PMT Lokal (p <0>0.05). Pada uji spearman ditemukan korelasi kuat (r = 0.773) pada kelompok prevalensi tertinggi dan korelasi sedang (r = 0.563) pada prevalensi terendah. Keberhasilan program PMT Lokal sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor proses distribusi, daya terima, pemantauan, kemampuan ibu, serta dukungan lingkungan dalam memberikan PMT secara tepat kepada balita.

Kesimpulan: Program PMT Lokal berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan berat badan, tinggi badan, dan z-score balita. Asupan energi dan protein pada menu PMT berbasis pangan lokal membantu memperbaiki status gizi balita.

Kata Kunci: Wasting, Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Lokal, Asupan Energi dan Protein, Evaluasi Proses, Mixed Methods

ABSTRACT

Background: One of the health assessment indicators in Indonesia under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the nutritional status of children under five. According to the 2024 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence of wasting among children in Indonesia is 6.2%. In Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, the prevalence of child wasting is currently 5.4%, a decrease from 7.4% in 2023. The Local Supplementary Feeding (PMT Lokal) program aims to improve energy and protein intake in young children. However, the program's effectiveness is determined not only by nutritional outcomes but also by the implementation process. In Sleman Regency, the program has been implemented, but its impact has never been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the Local PMT Program for children with wasting in Sleman Regency.

Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design.

Results: There were significant differences in the weight, height, and z-scores of wasting children before and after the Local PMT intervention (p < 0> 0.05). Spearman's test showed a strong correlation (r = 0.773) in areas with the highest prevalence and a moderate correlation (r = 0.563) in those with the lowest prevalence. The success of the Local PMT program is strongly influenced by factors such as distribution process, food acceptability, monitoring, maternal capacity, and environmental support in ensuring the proper provision of PMT to children.

Conclusion: The Local Supplementary Feeding Program contributes to the improvement of children's weight, height, and z-scores. Energy and protein intake from locally-sourced PMT menus helps improve the nutritional status of children under five.

Keywords: Wasting, Local Supplementary Feeding, Energy and Protein Intake, Process Evaluation, Mixed Methods

Kata Kunci : Keywords: Wasting, Local Supplementary Feeding, Energy and Protein Intake, Process Evaluation, Mixed Methods