ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN LAYANAN AMBULANS NON-EMERGENCY DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Setyawan, Dr. Sri Setiyarini, S.Kp., M.Kes; Dr. Wenny Artanty Nisman, S.Kep., Ners., M.Kes

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Keperawatan

Latar Belakang: Pelayanan ambulans non-emergency merupakan salah satu pelayanan emergensi pra fasyankes (fasilitas layanan kesehatan) dan antar fasyankes. Ambulans non-emergency memiliki sistem dan standardisasi yang berbeda di berbagai negara. Banyaknya ambulans non-emergency yang ada di D.I Yogyakarta baik dari institusi kesehatan maupun institusi masyarakat non kesehatan dengan sumber daya yang kurang memadai membuat pemanfaatan layanan ambulans non-emergency di masyarakat menjadi kurang maksimal dan pelayanan yang diberikan di bawah standard.

Tujuan: Menganalisis pemanfaatan layanan ambulans non-emergency di D.I Yogyakarta, mengidentifikasi kompetensi petugas ambulans non-emergency, ketaatan penggunaan rotator, kecepatan, standardisasi ambulans dan jenis kasus yang ditangani ambulans non-emergency.

Metode: Rancangan utamanya menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kuantitatif, melibatkan 249 responden petugas ambulans non-emergency yang beroperasional di DIY. Pengambilan data dilakukan dari bulan Mei-Juni 2025 menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun peneliti. Analisis data untuk tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif univariat

Hasil: Layanan ambulans dibedakan menjadi 3: pertolongan pra rumah sakit, transport pasien dari lokasi kejadian ke fasilitas kesehatan, dan kendaraan transport rujukan antar fasilitas kesehatan, 88,35% ambulans non-emergency melaksanakan ketiga fungsi tersebut. Mayoritas responden dalam penelitian merupakan driver ambulans (85,4%). Sebagian petugas ambulans telah memiliki kompetensi pelatihan BHD (90,36%), PPGD (46,59%) dan komunikasi (90,76%). Jenis kasus yang ditangani ambulans dalam penelitian ini yaitu kasus trauma (54,62%) dan kasus non trauma (45,38%). Ambulan non-emergency lebih banyak membawa kasus emergency (63.05%) daripada kasus non-emergency (36,95%). Persentase ketaatan ambulan non-emergency di DI Yogyakarta cenderung kurang baik yaitu sebesar 4.82%. Ambulan non-emergency di DI Yogyakarta (84.74%) tidak bisa memenuhi semua kriteria kelengkapan standarisasi ambulan non-emergency.

Kesimpulan: Persentase ketaatan dan standarisasi ambulans non-emergency di DI Yogyakarta cenderung kurang baik dalam melakukan pertolongan pra rumah sakit, pengangkutan pasien dari lokasi kejadian ke fasilitas kesehatan, dan kendaraan transport rujukan antar fasilitas kesehatan.

Background: Non-emergency ambulance services represent a component of pre-facility emergency services and inter-facility patient transfers. These services vary in systems and standards across countries. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the proliferation of non-emergency ambulances operated by both healthcare and non-health organizations, coupled with inadequate resources, has led to suboptimal utilization and services that fall below standard.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the utilization of non-emergency ambulance services in Yogyakarta, identify the competencies of non-emergency ambulance personnel, compliance with the use of rotators, speed, ambulance standardization, and the types of cases handled by non-emergency ambulances.

Methods: A descriptive quantitative design was employed with 249 respondents, consisting of non-emergency ambulance personnel operating in the Yogyakarta region. Data were collected from May to June 2025 using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Univariate descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results: Ambulance services in this study were divided into three functional categories: pre-hospital care, patient transport from the scene of the incident to a health facility, and inter-facility referral transport. A total of 88.35% of non-emergency ambulances performed all three functions. The majority of respondents in the study were ambulance drivers (85.4%). Some ambulance personnel have completed training in Basic Life Support (BHD) (90.36%), Advanced Life Support (PPGD) (46.59%), and communication (90.76%). The types of cases handled by ambulances in this study were trauma cases (54.62%) and non-trauma cases (45.38%). Non-emergency ambulances transported more emergency cases (63.05%) than non-emergency cases (36.95%). The compliance rate of non-emergency ambulances in DI Yogyakarta is relatively low at 4.82%. Non-emergency ambulances (84.74%) fail to meet all the criteria for standardization of non-emergency ambulances

Conclusion: The percentage of compliance and standardization of non-emergency ambulances in DI Yogyakarta tends to be poor in providing pre-hospital care, transporting patients from the scene of the incident to health facilities, and transporting patients between health facilities

Kata Kunci : ambulans, non-emergency, perawatan pra-hospital