Analisa Pengaruh Perbedaan Kuat Arus Pada Proses Cladding Track Shoe Unit Alat Berat di CV Cahaya Indra Laksana

Miftah Royan, Ir. Radhian Krisnaputra, S.T., M.Eng.

2025 | Tugas Akhir | D4 TEKNIK PENGELOLAAN DAN PERAWATAN ALAT BERAT

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan arus pengelasan terbaik di antara 180A, 190A, dan 200A untuk perbaikan cladding. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi analisis komposisi kimia, pengamatan mikrostruktur, uji kekerasan, dan uji tarik.

Hasil uji kimia menunjukkan kandungan mangan (Mn) sebesar 0,791% pada titik uji (1) dan 0,814% pada titik (2), serta kandungan silikon (Si) sebesar 0,204% pada titik (1) dan 0,209% pada titik (2) yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan ketangguhan dan kekerasan material cladding. Mikrostruktur menunjukkan adanya ferit dan perlit, termasuk ferit berbentuk jarum (acicular ferrite) dan ferit widmanstatten yang meningkatkan kekerasan dan ketangguhan. Uji tarik menunjukkan kekuatan tarik rata-rata sebesar 0,533 MPa untuk arus 180A, 0,497 MPa untuk 190A, dan 0,541 MPa untuk 200A. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan panas selama proses pendinginan sangat memengaruhi sifat mekanik material. Dari semua variasi arus yang diuji, arus 200A menunjukkan hasil paling optimal karena memberikan sifat mekanik terbaik, seperti ketangguhan, kekerasan, dan kekuatan tarik. Arus 200A juga memberikan nilai kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 356,517 VHN.

Heavy equipment plays a vital role in accelerating construction projects by reducing both time and cost. One commonly used machine is the excavator, particularly at CV Cahaya Indra Laksana. A frequent issue with excavators is cracking in the track shoe component. To reduce maintenance costs, the company decide to repair worn-out track shoes using a welding method called cladding, by applying carbon steel onto the surface.

This study aim to determine the most effective welding current between 180A, 190A, or 200A for cladding repairs. Several tests were performed, including chemical composition analysis, microstructure observation, hardness testing, and tensile testing.

Chemical composition test result contain manganese (Mn) 0.791% at test point (1) and 0.814% at point (2), silicon (Si) content of 0.204% at test point (1) and 0.209% at point (2) significant increasing toughness and hardness of the cladding material. The microstructure contain some ferrite and pearlite. Some ferrite is neddle shaped, it is acicular ferrite and widmanstatten ferrite, both increase hardness and toughness. Tensile tests show that the average tensile strength of the 180A specimen is 0.533358068 MPa, 190A is 0.496513453 MPa, and 200A is 0.540965244 MPa. These show that proper heat treatment during the cooling process is a critical factor influencing mechanical behavior. Among the current variations tested, 200A is considered the most optimal for cladding due to its superior mechanical properties, including toughness, hardness, and tensile strength. The 200A variation show highest tensile test result and the hardness test, which showed the highest hardness value at 356.517 VHN.

Kata Kunci : heavy equipment, track shoe, cladding, shielded metal arc welding, current strength variations