Poetika horor kosmik berdasarkan analisis karya-karya H.P. Lovecraft, Stephen King, dan Junji Ito
Galih Janggan Titian, Dr. Phil. Ramayda Akmal, S.S., M.A.
2025 | Tesis | S2 Sastra
Subgenre horor kosmik adalah
salah satu subgenre dari genre horor yang mulai muncul di pertengahan awal abad
ke 20. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berusaha untuk mengeksplorasi poetika
subgenre horor kosmik dengan cara menganalisis karakteristik-karakteristik dari
subgenre horor kosmik dan juga meneliti perkembangannya dari masa ke masa
berdasarkan analisis karya H.P. Lovecraft yang berjudul “The Call of Cthulhu”,
karya Stephen King yang berjudul “IT”, dan juga karya Junji Ito yang berjudul
“Uzumaki”. Alasan peneliti membahas tentang subgenre horor kosmik adalah karena
kurangnya penelitian terdahulu yang menjelaskan definisi lengkap tentang
karakteristik apa saja yang membuat suatu karya bisa dianggap sebagai bagian
dari genre horor kosmik, sekaligus membahas perkembangan subgenre tersebut.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karya-karya horor kosmik memiliki ciri khas tertentu yang membedakannya dari genre horor secara umum dan juga subgenre horor lainnya. Ciri khas tersebut umumnya berkaitan dengan tema pengaruh makhluk kosmik terhadap kehidupan manusia dan ketidakberdayaan manusia biasa ketika berhadapan dengan makhluk-makhluk tersebut, di latar cerita yang didasarkan pada tempat dan periode historis dunia nyata. Selain itu, dari segi perkembangan subgenre horor kosmik, peneliti menemukan bahwa subgenre horor kosmik mengalami hibridisasi dan transformasi dalam proses evolusinya dari waktu ke waktu, dimana ketiga hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh konteks-konteks sosial, budaya dan politik yang merefleksikan realita di dunia nyata juga.
The cosmic horror subgenre is one
of the subgenres of horror that first emerged in the first half of the
twentieth century. In this research, the researcher attempted to explore the
poetics of the cosmic horror subgenre by analyzing certain characteristics of
the cosmic horror subgenre, as well as its development from one period of time
to another, based on the analyses of H.P. Lovecraft’s work “The Call of
Cthulhu”, Stephen King’s work “IT”, and Junji Ito’s work “Uzumaki”.
The reason the researcher chose to discuss the cosmic horror subgenre was
because there weren’t many previous researches that provided clear definitions
of what characteristics in a work of literature could categorize that work as a
part of the cosmic horror subgenre, and also explore the development of that
subgenre.
This research used the
qualitative method and the technique of noting and writing down relevant
points, using the book “Modern Genre Theory” written by David Duff and
published in 2014 as the basis for the theoretical frameworks. This book
contained summaries as well as explanations of the key concepts of the genre
analysis theories that were initiated by earlier experts of literature.
The results of this research show
that the cosmic horror subgenre has several characteristics, which are mainly
related to the theme of the influence of cosmic entities on human lives and the
helplessness of humans when confronting such entities, in a setting that is
based on real world locations and historical periods. Aside from that, the
cosmic horror subgenre experienced hybridizations and transformations in its
evolution process from one period of time to the next, where all three of those
things are influenced by social, cultural, and political contexts that also
reflect the reality in the world as well.
Kata Kunci : horor kosmik, analisis genre, subgenre, horor, sastra inggris