Perancangan Fasilitas Penyandang DIsabilitas Fisik di Halaman Zona 1 Candi Borobudur

Jati Kurniawan, Widya Nayati, M.A., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Arkeologi

Candi Borobudur memiliki banyak nilai penting dengan predikatnya Cagar Budaya Nasional, Warisan Budaya Dunia hingga Destinasi Pariwisata Super Prioritas. Hal tersebut berdampak, salah satunya semakin banyak kunjungan wisatawan. Untuk mendukung wisatawan yang datang, pengelola melakukan pembenahan fasilitas namun belum sepenuhnya inklusif. Hal ini justru menyebabkan hambatan bagi penyandang disabilitas fisik seperti jalur kursi roda semakin jauh, ram naik halaman terlalu curam, halaman keliling candi terpasang paving batu andesit, dan belum tersedia jalur turun dari halaman atas candi. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka penelitian ini memiliki tujuan merancang fasilitas bagi pengunjung penyandang disabilitas fisik agar memperoleh fasilitas sesuai haknya. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui pendekatan pengelolaan warisan budaya terpadu. Hasil penelitian diketahui salah satu kendala pengunjung penyandang disabilitas fisik di Candi Borobudur adalah jalur wisata yang jauh (1636 meter). Perancangan jalur khusus dengan membuat dua alternatif jalur yaitu sisi utara candi sejauh 465 meter dan sisi selatan 446 meter. Jalur khusus diubah lokasi shelter drop offnya berada di sisi timur candi depan gerbang masuk lereng dan shelter penjemputan di area jalan aspal sisi barat candi. Fakta menarik pengguna fasilitas penyandang disabilitas juga dari kelompok wisatawan lain yaitu lansia, anak atau balita, orang gemuk, ibu hamil dan orang yang kesulitan berjalan (sakit). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, rancangan fasilitas penyandang disabilitas fisik juga dapat digunakan wisatawan kelompok ini. Fasilitas tambahan juga bisa disediakan berupa parkir khusus disabilitas, pemanfaatan augmented reality sebagai media informasi yang lebih interaktif, penyediaan jalur kursi roda keliling halaman candi dan akses area Relief Karmawibhangga, dan penyediaan shuttle khusus kursi roda.

Borobudur Temple has many important values with its status as a National Cultural Heritage Site, World Cultural Heritage Site, and Super Priority Tourism Destination. This has had an impact, one of which is an increase in tourist visits. To support the tourists who come, the management has made improvements to the facilities, but they are not yet fully inclusive. This has created barriers for physically disabled visitors, such as wheelchair paths that are too far away, steep ramps leading to the temple grounds, and the temple grounds being paved with andesite stones. Additionally, there are no accessible paths leading down from the upper temple grounds. Based on these conditions, this study aims to design facilities for physically disabled visitors to ensure they receive the facilities they are entitled to. The research method employed a qualitative approach through an integrated cultural heritage management framework. The research findings revealed that one of the challenges faced by visitors with physical disabilities at Borobudur Temple is the long tourist path (1,636 meters). A special path was designed with two alternative routes: the northern side of the temple (465 meters) and the southern side (446 meters). The special route has been modified so that the drop-off shelter is located on the east side of the temple in front of the entrance gate to the slope, and the pick-up shelter is in the asphalt road area on the west side of the temple. An interesting fact is that users of the facilities for people with disabilities also include other tourist groups, such as the elderly, children or infants, obese individuals, pregnant women, and those with mobility difficulties (illness). Based on this, the design of facilities for physically disabled individuals can also be used by these tourist groups. Additional facilities can also be provided, such as dedicated disabled parking, the use of augmented reality as a more interactive information medium, the provision of wheelchair-accessible paths around the temple grounds and access to the Relief Karmawibhangga area, and the provision of a dedicated wheelchair shuttle.

Kata Kunci : Candi Borobudur, nilai penting, fasilitas, disabilitas fisik, jalur khusus, Borobudur Temple, important value, fascilities, physical disabilities, special routes