Desain Peptida Inhibitor Alfa-Amilase Secara In Silico Berbasis Peptida Bioaktif Mikroalga Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) serta Uji Aktivitasnya
Muhamad Septian, Prof. Tri Joko Raharjo, S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D.; Apt. Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, M.Sc., Ph.D.
2025 | Skripsi | KIMIA
The development of peptide-based drugs has gained significant research interest in the field of drug discovery, primarily due to their high potency and safety profile. Peptide with the amino acid sequence GVPMPNK (GK peptides) has been reported to exhibit inhibitory activity against ?-amylase. The objective of this study was to modify the GK peptide to obtain a new peptide that exhibits enhanced activity against ?-amylase. The modification was achieved through the manual substitution of amino acids that contribute less to the interaction with proteins. The Pepsite2 server was utilized to perform alanine scanning, a process that facilitated the identification of amino acids to be substituted. Subsequently, the HADDOCK 2.4 server was employed for peptide-protein docking, a method that facilitated the investigation of the comprehensive interaction between the GK peptide and ?-amylase. GK peptide and modified peptide were synthesized and subsequently evaluated for their in vitro assay using the starch-iodine method.
The peptide modification process yielded a novel peptide with the amino acid sequence KSPMPNK (KK peptide), which exhibited enhanced interactions compared to the GK as parent peptide, as evidenced by a higher number of interactions and a more substantial HADDOCK score. The HADDOCK scores for GK and KK were -76.3 ± 6.4 and -82.8 ± 5.2, respectively. Moreover, KK peptide exhibits enhanced interactions with the catalytic residues of ?-amylase (Asp197, Glu233, and Asp300) and with some other residues. Subsequently, an in vitro assay was conducted to determine the IC50 value. The IC50 values of KK and GK against ?-amylase were 49.94 ± 0.39 µM and 53.42 ± 0.25 µM, respectively. These results indicated that the modification of the parent peptide successfully produced a new peptide with improved inhibitory activity, as evidenced by the decrease in its IC50. The t-test supported the hypothesis that the decrease was significant, although the magnitude was negligible. In comparison to acarbose, as the reference, the IC50 value remains elevated. To determine the type of inhibition, kinetics studies were also conducted. The inhibition of ?-amylase by the KK peptide is of a mixed inhibition (involving interactions with both the active site and the non-active site of the enzyme). This phenomenon is substantiated by the observed disparities in Vmax and Km values. The Vmax values were 133.33 ± 18.15 µg mL-1 min-1 and 126.58 ± 19.18 µg mL-1 min-1 in the absence and presence of the peptide, respectively. Similarly, the Km values were 517.36 ± 48.95 µg mL-1 and 586.56 ± 165.04 µg mL-1 in the absence and presence of the peptide, respectively.
Kata Kunci : ? -amilase, diabetes melitus, modifikasi peptida, penambatan peptida-protein