Pengaruh Pengalaman Traumatis Terhadap Kontruksi Identatis dan Upaya Rekonsilias Tokoh dalam Novel Misi Karya Asmayani Kusrini

Khairunnisa Bakari, Achmad Munjid, M.A., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Sastra

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengalaman traumatis terhadap konstruksi identitas dan proses rekonsiliasi tokoh dalam novel Misi karya Asmayani Kusrini. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah dua tokoh sentral, Misi dan Rhandra, yang menghadapi berbagai bentuk trauma, seperti kehilangan figur orang tua, kekerasan seksual, perundungan, diskriminasi rasial, dan keterasingan akibat migrasi. Teori trauma kultural dari Ron Eyerman digunakan untuk mengkaji disrupsi identitas tokoh akibat trauma, yang tercermin dalam disosiasi emosional, ketidakpercayaan sosial, dan krisis eksistensial. Sementara itu, teori rekonsiliasi dari Dominick LaCapra dimanfaatkan untuk menjelaskan proses working through, yakni usaha reflektif tokoh dalam memaknai trauma sebagai bagian dari rekonstruksi identitas.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif melalui pembacaan mendalam terhadap narasi, dialog, serta simbol-simbol budaya dan sensorik dalam teks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa trauma menyebabkan keterputusan identitas dan mendorong respons acting out, seperti isolasi, penolakan terhadap masa lalu, dan ketegangan emosional. Pengalaman migrasi juga menciptakan jarak kritis yang memberi ruang bagi tokoh untuk meninjau ulang narasi diri secara reflektif. Hubungan interpersonal yang suportif, terutama antara Misi dan Rhandra sebagai sesama penyintas, menjadi titik balik penting menuju tahap working through. Temuan utama dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jarak kritis yang tercipta melalui pengalaman migrasi berperan penting dalam memfasilitasi refleksi diri dan rekonstruksi identitas. Selain itu, pemulihan identitas juga berlangsung melalui pengalaman sensorik dan simbolik seperti makanan, aroma, dan praktik budayayang mengaktifkan memori tubuh dan membuka ruang bagi pemaknaan trauma secara afektif dan intersubjektif.

This study aims to analyze the impact of traumatic experiences on identity construction and the reconciliation process of the characters in Misi, a novel by Asmayani Kusrini. The main focus is on two central characters, Misi and Rhandra, who are confronted with various forms of trauma, including the loss of parental figures, sexual violence, bullying, racial discrimination, and a sense of alienation caused by migration. Ron Eyerman’s theory of cultural trauma is employed to examine the disruption of identity resulting from trauma, as reflected in emotional dissociation, social distrust, and existential crisis. Meanwhile, Dominick LaCapra’s theory of reconciliation is used to explore the process of working through, referring to the characters’ reflective efforts to make sense of trauma as part of identity reconstruction.

?This research adopts a descriptive-qualitative method through close reading of the narrative, dialogue, and cultural as well as sensory symbols embedded in the text. The findings reveal that trauma causes a rupture in identity and leads to acting out responses, such as isolation, rejection of the past, and emotional tension. Migration experiences generate a critical distance that allows the characters to reexamine their self-narratives reflectively. Supportive interpersonal relationships, particularly between Misi and Rhandra as fellow survivors, serve as a significant turning point toward the working through stage. The key finding of this study highlights that critical distance enabled by the migration experience plays a vital role in facilitating self-reflection and identity reconstruction. In addition, identity recovery also occurs through sensory and symbolic experiences, such as food, scent, and cultural practices, which activate bodily memory and open space for affective and intersubjective meaning-making of trauma.

Kata Kunci : Trauma,Trauma Kultural, Identitas, Migrasi, Rekonsiliasi, Ron Eyerman, Dominick LaCapra, Asmayani Kusrini