Faktor Risiko Depresi Pascasalin pada Ibu Hamil di Kota Yogyakarta

PRAMUDITA PUTRI DYATMIKA MANDEGANI, Prof. Dr. dr. Heru Pradjatmo, Sp.O.G, Subsp. Onk., M. Kes; Dr. dr. Shinta Prawitasari, M. Kes., Sp.O.G, Subsp. Obginsos.

2025 | Tesis-Spesialis | S2 Ilmu Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan

Latar belakang: Depresi pascasalin merupakan problem kesehatan mental yang masih belum mendapat perhatian, padahal dampaknya buruk pada kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Faktor psikologis diketahui berhubungan dengan kerentanan ibu mengalami depresi pascasalin. Kondisi psikologis saat kehamilan dapat memperburuk periode pascasalin jika tidak mendapatkan penanganan lebih awal. Mengetahui faktor risiko dengan skrining memberikan kesempatan intervensi dini untuk mencegah dampak buruk depresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko depresi pascasalin di Kota Yogyakarta.

Metode: Studi potong lintang serial pada ibu hamil di enam puskesmas wilayah kota Yogyakarta yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling pada bulan Januari – Juni 2024. Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria diberikan kuesioner terstruktur dan kuesioner Edinburg Postanatal Depression Scale (EPDS) pada saat kunjungan antenatal trimester tiga (? 28 minggu)  dan follow-up dua minggu pascasalin. Data yang diperoleh di analisis menggunakan uji korelasi, asosiasi dan regresi logistik.

Hasil: Dari 71 subjek, 25,4% memiliki risiko depresi pascasalin. Kejadian stres meningkatkan kemungkinan 6 kali mengalami risiko depresi pascasalin (aOR 6,3; 95 CI (1,17-34,07); p<0 xss=removed p=0,03).>

Kesimpulan: Kejadian stress merupakan faktor psikologis yang berasosiasi dengan risiko depresi pascasalin. Sedangkan EPDS antenatal merupakan prediktor EPDS pascasalin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa deteksi dini menggunakan EPDS saat ANC perlu dilakukan agar ibu berisiko mendapatkan intervensi komprehensif lebih awal.

Background: Postpartum depression is a mental health problem that has not received sufficient attention, despite its adverse effects on both maternal and infant health. Psychological factors are known to be associated with a mother's vulnerability to postpartum depression. Psychological conditions during pregnancy could influence the postpartum period. Identifying risk factors through screening provides an opportunity for early intervention to prevent the negative impacts of depression. This study aims to identify the risk factors for postpartum depression in Yogyakarta City.

Methods: A serial cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women in six community health centers in the city of Yogyakarta, selected through stratified random sampling between January to June 2024. Subjects who met the criteria were given a structured questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire during antenatal visits in the third trimester (? 28 weeks) and followed up two weeks postpartum. The data obtained were analyzed using association, correlation, and logistic regression tests.

Results: Of the 71 subjects, 25,4% were at risk of postpartum depression. Experiencing stress increased the likelihood of being at risk of postpartum depression by six times (aOR 6,3; 95 CI (1,17-34,07); p<0 xss=removed p=0,03).>

Conclusion: Stressful events are psychological factors associated with the risk of postpartum depression, while antenatal EPDS is a predictor of postnatal EPDS. This indicates that early detection using EPDS during ANC is necessary to ensure that at-risk mothers receive comprehensive intervention at an earlier stage.

Kata Kunci : Depresi pascasalin, faktor risiko, depresi antenatal, EPDS