Kemampuan Fonologis Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Kota Tasikmalaya: Kajian Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak
Anggia Suci Pratiwi, Prof. Dr. I Dewa Putu Wijana, M.A.; Dr. Adi Sutrisno, M.A.
2025 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora
Phonological ability takes into account the information processing mechanisms necessary for a child to learn to speak that involve processes for perception and cognitive processes, as well as those necessary for speech production. This study aims to: 1) describe the phonological abilities of early childhood in PAUD Tasikmalaya City, 2) describe the phonological processes that occur in early childhood in PAUD Tasikmalaya City, 3) explain the importance of developing children's phonological abilities early on, 4) explain the implications of children's phonological abilities for early childhood language skills, and 5) map the phonological abilities of early childhood in PAUD Tasikmalaya City.
The approach used in this research is qualitative with descriptive method. The research subjects were children aged 4 to 6 years at RA Baiturrahman, TK Negeri Pembina, TK Cangkurileung Kartika IX-10, TK IT Ihya As-sunah, and Joykids. The research data obtained in the form of speech sounds contained in words, phrases, sentences in Indonesian speech, either recorded separately or in conversation. Data validity and reliability used expert judgment. Data analysis was done by data reduction, data display, and data verification.
The results showed that 1) children aged 4 to 6 years can produce vowels and consonants in different positions in the word (initial, middle, and final). 2) However, there are several phonological processes that occur in the vowels of children aged 4 to 6 years: regressive assimilation, syllable deletion, vowel sound addition, and inconsistent pronunciation. In consonants, the phonological process of children aged 4 to 6 years: substitution, simplification, syllable deletion, group reduction, assimilation, and addition of consonant sounds. 3) Phonological ability is a key element in the development of early childhood language skills. 4) Children with good phonological skills not only show better speaking skills, but are also more capable in listening, reading and writing. 5) Vowels that have been fully mastered by 4-year-old children are [a] initial and final positions, [i, u] initial positions, [e] initial and final positions, and [o], while vowels that have not been fully mastered are [a] middle position, [u] middle and final positions, and [e] middle position. 5-year-olds have fully mastered [a] initial and final position, [i, u] middle position, [e] initial and final position, and [o], while vowels that have not been fully mastered include [a, u, e] middle position. Six-year-old children have fully mastered the vowels [i, e, o], [a] initial and final position, and [e] initial and final position, while the vowels that have not been fully mastered include [a, u] middle position. Consonants that have been fully mastered by 4-year-old children are palatal [c, j], velar consonant [g] fricative [f], and semi-vocoid [w, y]. 5 years old mastered palatal [c, j], velar consonants [g, k], alveolar [t], fricative [f], bilabial [b], and semi-void [w, y]. 6 years old mastered palatal [c, j], velar consonants [g, k], alveolar [d, t], fricatives [f, s, x, z], bilabials [b, p], semi-voids [w, y], and nasals [m, n].
Kata Kunci : Bunyi Bahasa Indonesia, Kemampuan Fonologis, Pemerolehan Bahasa, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Proses Fonologis