KLAUSULA BUY BACK GUARANTEE DEVELOPER KEPADA BANK DALAM PERSPEKTIF PKPU
Rachmat Bradiyanto, Taufik El Rahman
2025 | Tesis | S2 ILMU HUKUM JAKARTA
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menentukan penerapan Buy
Back Guarantee developer yang sedang dalam proses PKPU atau
Kepailitan. Bank dalam pemberian kredit harus memegang prinsip kehati-hatian
bank salah satunya adalah collateral atau jaminan, bagi developer yang
belum dapat melakukan proses pemecahan sertipikat Akan sulit menjual unit hunian kepada Bank karena kondisi sertipikat yang masih induk dan belum dapat dipasang Hak Tanggungan, untuk
memitigasi hal tersebut maka lahirlah Perjanjian Timbal Balik antara developer
dengan Bank yang dikenal dengan Perjanjian Kerja Sama (PKS) dengan klausula Buy
Back Guarantee (BBG).
BBG dalam pelaksanaannya membutuhkan terpenuhinya syarat
tangguh sebagaimana diatur dalam Perjanjian Kerja Sama atau perjanjian BBG,
yaitu keadaan wanprestasinya pembeli atau debitur KPR. Syarat Tangguh (onbindende
voorwaarde), sebagaimana ditentukan dalam KUH Perdata Pasal 1253.
Teknik hukum normatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Secara khusus
penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mencari data sekunder atau sumber-sumber
kepustakaan dengan hanya meneliti pada peraturan
perundang-undangan seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan
dan PKPU. Untuk memperoleh sifat deskriptif penelitian ini,
terlebih dahulu dilakukan penelitian data sekunder melalui penelitian
kepustakaan, kemudian dilakukan penelitian data primer di lapangan (misalnya
PKS antara Bank dengan pengembang dengan klausul jaminan pembelian kembali),
dan terakhir adalah hasil temuan yang ada yaitu percakapan dengan para informan
khususnya AKPI. Penjelasan kualitatif dari data yang dikumpulkan
kemudian diberikan.
This
study aims to analyze and understand the application of Buy Back Guarantee
(BBG) clauses by developers who are undergoing PKPU (Suspension of Debt
Payment Obligations) or bankruptcy proceedings. Banks must adhere to the
principle of prudence, one aspect of which involves collateral or guarantees.
Developers who have not completed the process of splitting certificates may
find it difficult to sell housing units to banks due to the condition of
certificates being still in the original form and not yet registered with a
Mortgage Right. To mitigate this issue, the Buy Back Guarantee clause is
included in the Cooperation Agreement (PKS) between the developer and
the bank. The implementation of the Buy Back Guarantee requires the fulfillment
of conditional requirements as stipulated in the Cooperation Agreement or BBG
agreement, specifically the default conditions of the buyer or debtor under the
Mortgage Credit (KPR). Conditional requirements (Onbindende
Voorwaarde), as outlined in Article 1253 of the Indonesian Civil
Code (KHUPerdata), are a key consideration.
This
research employs a normative juridical method, specifically research conducted
by examining library materials or secondary data by tracing the sources to
statutory regulations and literature, including Law No. 37 of 2004
concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU). This research is descriptive, beginning with
the examination of secondary data through library research, followed by the
collection of primary data in the field, such as Cooperation Agreements
containing a Buy Back Guarantee (BBG) clause between banks and
developers, complemented by interviews with sources such as the Indonesian
Association of Insolvency Practitioners (AKPI). The obtained data is then
analyzed qualitatively.
According to the results of the Bank's research based on the legal relationship arising from the Cooperation Agreement (PKS) that includes a BBG clause, establishes a debtor-creditor relationship between the bank and the consumer, enabling the bank to submit a claim to the developer in PKPU as a concurrent creditor. Banks that do not have a legal relationship of debtor-creditor agreement with the developer in the PKPU, the legal relationship between the bank and the developer in PKPU is solely based on a reciprocal agreement. The question arises whether the bank can register its claim as a concurrent creditor. The bank may refer to Article 274 (UUKPKPU)
Kata Kunci : Buy Back Guarantee, developer dan PPJB