Hubungan Overcrowding dan Perilaku Caring Perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta

Laukhil Mahfudh, Ariani Arista Putri Pertiwi S.Kep.,Ns.,MAN.,DNP ; Darsih S.Kep.,Ns.,M.Kep ; Dr. Sri Setiyarini, S.Kp.,M.Kes

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang: Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) merupakan jenis pelayanan di rumah sakit (RS) yang berperan sebagai garda terdepan dalam memberikan pelayanan pada pasien. Beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan jumlah kunjungan ke IGD dan diprediksi ada peningkatan sebesar 30% di IGD seluruh RS dunia. Tingginya jumlah kunjungan ke IGD memicu terjadinya kepadatan yang berlebihan atau overcrowding. Overcrowding IGD telah menimbulkan dampak negative bagi pelayanan pasien diantaranya perubahan kualitas pelayanan pasien baik itu penegakan diagnosis, pengobatan maupun perilaku caring perawat.
Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis hubungan antara overcrowding dan perilaku caring perawat di IGD RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitik korelatif menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Oktober 2024 kepada 97 pasien di IGD RSUp Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi NEDOCS dan Gadar Caring Scale (GCS) 46. Analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisa univariat dan analisa bivariat. Analisa univariat digunakan untuk menganalisa karakteristik responden, variabel overcrowding, dan variabel perilaku caring perawat sedangkan analisa bivariat spearman’s rank digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara overcrowding dan perilaku caring perawat di IGD RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum tingkat overcrowding IGD, kepadatan tertinggi sampai pada level 4 (padat) dan sebagian besar berada pada level 2 (sibuk) dengan presentase 44%. Shift pagi pada tingkat overcrowding tidak sibuk dengan presentase 40,6%, sibuk dengan presentase 44,3?n sangat sibuk dengan presentase 15,1%. Shift sore menunjukkan tidak sibuk dengan presentase 7,3%, sibuk dengan presentase 51,2%, sangat sibuk dengan presentase 39,1?n padat dengan presentase 2,4%. Shift malam menunjukkan tidak sibuk dengan presentase 54%, sibuk dengan presentase 40,7%, dan sangat sibuk dengan presentase 5,3%. Perilaku caring perawat secara keseluruhan menunjukkan hasil baik sebesar 53,6?n 46,4?ngan hasil cukup. Tingkat overcrowding pada kategori tidak sibuk menunjukkan bahwa perilaku caring perawat yang baik dengan presentase 93,3?n cukup dengan presentase 6,7%. Sedangkan tingkat overcrowding pada kategori sibuk menunjukkan perilaku caring perawat yang baik dengan presentase 19,2?n cukup dengan presentase 80,8%.Hasil uji korelasi spearman’s rank menunjukkan adanya hubungan atau korelasi negatif antara overcrowding dan perilaku caring perawat di IGD dengan tingkat korelasi kuat (p= 0,000; r=-0,652).
Kesimpulan : 1) Secara umum tingkat overcrowding IGD berada pada level 2 (sibuk); 2) Secara keseluruhan perilaku caring perawat dengan hasil baik.; 3) Terdapat hubungan antara overcrowding dan perilaku caring perawat di IGD RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta dengan tingkat keeratan hubungan atau korelasi kuat.

Background : The Emergency Department (ED) is a type of service in hospitals (RS) that acts as the frontline in providing services to patients. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of visits to the emergency room and it is predicted that there will be an increase of 30% in emergency rooms throughout the world hospital. The high number of visits to the emergency room triggers overcrowding. IGDovercrowding has had a negative impact on patient care including changes in the quality of patient care, both diagnosis, treatment and caring behavior of nurses.
Objective: To analyzing the relationship between overcrowding and nurses' caring behavior in the emergency room of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.
Method: This study is a type of correlative analytic research using a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. This study was conducted in September-October 2024 to 97 patients in the emergency room of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta who were taken with consecutive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using the NEDOCS application and the Gadar Caring Scale (GCS) 46. Data analysis used in the study was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Univariate analysis was used to analyze respondents' characteristics, overcrowding variables, and nurses' caring behavior variables, while Spearman's rank bivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship between overcrowding and nurses' caring behavior in the emergency room of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.
Result: : The research results show that in general the level of ER overcrowding, the highest density is at level 4 (crowded) and the majority is at level 2 (busy) with a percentage of 44%. The morning shift at the overcrowding level is not busy with a percentage of 40.6%, busy with a percentage of 44.3% and very busy with a percentage of 15.1%. The afternoon shift shows that it is not busy with a percentage of 7.3%, busy with a percentage of 51.2%, very busy with a percentage of 39.1% and busy with a percentage of 2.4%. The night shift shows not busy with a percentage of 54%, busy with a percentage of 40.7%, and very busy with a percentage of 5.3%. The overall caring behavior of nurses showed good results at 53.6% and 46.4% with sufficient results. The level of overcrowding in the not busy category shows that the caring behavior of nurses is good with a percentage of 93.3% and sufficient with a percentage of 6.7%. Meanwhile, the level of overcrowding in the busy category shows that nurses' caring behavior is good with a percentage of 19.2% and adequate with a percentage of 80.8%. The results of the Spearman's rank correlation test show that there is a negative relationship or correlation between overcrowding and the caring behavior of nurses in the ER with a strong correlation level. (p= 0.000; r=-0.652)
Conclusion: 1) In general, the level of emergency room overcrowding is at level 2 (busy); 2) Overall the caring behavior of nurses with good results; 3) There is a relationship between overcrowding and caring behavior of nurses in the emergency room of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta with a level of relationship closeness or strong correlation.

Kata Kunci : Instalasi Gawat Darurat, overcrowding, perilaku caring perawat, perawat IGD