Penentuan Strategi Make or Buy pada proses Value Added Activity di PT PZI Indonesia

Selia Faradisa Mz, Prof. Suadi, M.Agr.Sc., Ph.D

2025 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA

Persaingan global di era digitalisasi menuntut perusahaan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional guna mempertahankan daya saing, terutama di industri Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) yang sangat sensitif terhadap harga. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT PZI Indonesia, yang menghadapi tantangan dalam proses repacking produk multipack, gift box, dan banded. Aktivitas repacking yang dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga menghasilkan tambahan biaya sebesar Rp 5 miliar pada tahun 2023 serta pemborosan berupa overprocessing waste dan transportation waste. Dengan kontrak pihak ketiga yang akan berakhir pada tahun 2025, perusahaan perlu mempertimbangkan strategi alternatif, seperti in-house atau semi-outsource, untuk mengoptimalkan biaya operasional dan mendukung daya saing produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kriteria prioritas yang menjadi dasar pengambilan keputusan manajemen PT PZI dalam menentukan strategi sourcing untuk aktivitas Value Added Services (VAS). Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk menentukan bobot kriteria dan subkriteria, sedangkan Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan menentukan alternatif terbaik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, outsourcing tetap menjadi skema terbaik untuk aktivitas VAS, meskipun in-house dan semi-outsource awalnya dianggap dapat memberikan penghematan biaya. Strategi outsourcing memberikan fleksibilitas lebih tinggi, mengurangi risiko operasional, dan memungkinkan perusahaan fokus pada kegiatan inti.

Global competition in the digitalization era compels companies to enhance operational efficiency to maintain their competitiveness, especially in the pricesensitive Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry. This study focuses on PT PZI Indonesia, which faces challenges in repacking multipack, gift box, and banded products. Repacking activities, currently outsourced to a third party, incurred additional costs of IDR 5 billion in 2023 and resulted in inefficiencies such as overprocessing waste and transportation waste. With the third-party contract set to expire in 2025, the company must evaluate alternative strategies, such as inhouse or semi-outsourcing, to optimize operational costs and support product competitiveness. This research aims to identify the priority criteria underlying PT PZI’s management decision-making process for sourcing strategies in Value Added Services (VAS). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was utilized to determine the weights of criteria and sub-criteria, while the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied to evaluate and select the optimal alternative. The analysis concluded that outsourcing remains the most suitable strategy for VAS activities, despite initial assumptions that in-house or semi-outsourcing approaches could achieve cost savings. Outsourcing offers higher flexibility, reduces operational risks, and allows the company to focus on its core activities.

Kata Kunci : Efisiensi operasional, Make or Buy, AHP, TOPSIS, outsourcing