PERSEPSI APOTEKER DALAM MENGATASI LOST SALES DI APOTEK K-24 : STUDI KASUS AREA JABODETABEK
Sri Wahyuni, Prof. Suadi, Ph.D
2024 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA
Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan kesadaran akan kesehatan mendorong pertumbuhan industri farmasi yang pesat, dengan pasar farmasi diperkirakan mencapai US$4,56 miliar pada tahun 2029 di Indonesia. Apotek memainkan peran kunci dalam menyediakan akses terhadap obat yang aman dan terjangkau. Jaringan apotek K-24 menjadi salah satu pelaku bisnis penting dalam industri farmasi di Indonesia, namun menghadapi tantangan dalam mengelola lost sales yang berkisar antara 4-10%. Permasalahan ini jika tidak ditangani dengan baik berpotensi merusak citra brand K-24 sebagai apotek berjaringan terpercaya dan terbesar di Indonesia. Meskipun rasio pembelian terhadap penjualan dan Inventory Turn Over Ratio (ITOR) sudah berada pada angka yang ideal, penyebab pasti lost sales sering kali sulit diidentifikasi. Padahal, manajemen stok merupakan tanggung jawab utama apoteker, namun banyak apoteker yang tidak menyadari terjadinya lost sales di tempat mereka bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan lost sales di apotek K-24 menurut persepsi apoteker dan merekomendasikan strategi yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk mengurangi terjadinya lost sales berdasarkan persepsi apoteker. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus untuk memahami persepsi apoteker terkait manajemen stok dan upaya mengatasi lost sales di apotek wilayah Jabodetabek. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab lost sales lebih dominan berasal dari masalah produk obat sebesar 45% (terutama disebabkan karena stockout sebesar 22%), diikuti oleh proses operasional (17%), SDM (11%), dan kebijakan perusahaan (10%). Usulan tindakan strategi yang diterapkan untuk mengurangi lost sales meliputi substitusi produk, menawarkan pemesanan terlebih dahulu, menambah buffer stock, melakukan nempil, dan kerjasama dengan supplier.
Kata Kunci : Farmasi, apotek, lost sales, stockout, ITOR, Inventory management, Cause&Effect Diagram.
The increasing population and growing awareness of health are driving rapid growth in the pharmaceutical industry, with the pharmaceutical market in Indonesia expected to reach US$4.56 billion by 2029. Pharmacies play a key role in providing access to safe and affordable medications. The K-24 pharmacy network is one of the important players in Indonesia's pharmaceutical sector, but it faces challenges in managing lost sales, which range from 4% to 10%. If not addressed properly, this issue could harm the K-24 brand's image as the most trusted and largest pharmacy chain in Indonesia. Although the purchase-to-sales ratio and Inventory Turnover Ratio (ITOR) are already at ideal levels, the exact causes of lost sales are often difficult to identify. Stock management is the primary responsibility of pharmacists, yet many pharmacists are unaware of lost sales occurring at their locations. This study aims to identify the factors causing lost sales at K-24 pharmacies from the pharmacists' perspectives and to recommend strategies that can be implemented to reduce lost sales based on their perceptions. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to understand pharmacists' perceptions of stock management and efforts to address lost sales at pharmacies in the Jabodetabek area. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The results indicate that the factors causing lost sales are predominantly related to product issues, accounting for 45% (mainly due to stockouts at 22%), followed by operational processes (17%), human resources (11%), and company policies (10%). Proposed strategies to reduce lost sales include product substitution, offering pre-ordering options, increasing buffer stock, implementing stock stacking (nempil), and collaborating with suppliers.
Keywords: Pharmacy, lost sales, stockout, ITOR, inventory management, Cause & Effect Diagram.
Kata Kunci : Farmasi, apotek, lost sales, stockout, ITOR, Inventory management, Cause&Effect Diagram