Hubungan Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) dengan kejadian Underweight pada Balita: Analisis Data HDSS Sleman

Nur Shabrina Ishmah, Dr. Drs. Abdul Wahab, MPH

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Underweight merupakan manifestasi awal dari permasalahan kekurangan gizi kronis pada balita. Perhatian terhadap kejadian underweight pada balita tidak semasif program penurunan stunting, padahal underweight merupakan manifestasi awal dari permasalahan kekurangan gizi yang dapat menimbulkan risiko stunted, wasted, atau bahkan kedua kondisi sekaligus. Peningkatan bblr terjadi dikabupaten sleman dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat BBLR dengan kejadian underweight pada balita usia 13-59 bulan di Kabupaten Sleman. Metode : Penelitian nested case control menggunakan data HDSS Sleman siklus 3 hingga 8, dengan kelompok kasus 59 balita underweight dan kelompok kontrol 118 balita normal. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis penelitian menggunakan uji chi2 dan multiple regression logistic dengan nilai kepercayaan 95%.  Hasil : Analisis bivariat menunjukkan berat badan lahir tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian underweight (p-value: 0,191; OR: 1,72; 95% CI: 0,75-3,95). Setelah mempertimbangkan variabel luar pada analisis multivariabel balita yang memiliki riwayat BBLR secara signifikan memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian underweight dan berpeluang lebih besar mengalami underweight (AOR: 3,58; 95% CI: 1,10- 10,61) dibandingkan dengan balita BBLN. Balita dari ibu yang bekerja berpeluang lebih besar mengalami underweight (AOR : 3,34; 95% CI: 1,27- 8,76), asupan makanan (Energi) < 80>underweight pada balita di Kabupaten Sleman (AOR : 2,34; 95% CI: 1,07- 5,13), (AOR: 3,73; 95% CI : 1,50- 9,28). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara balita dengan riwayat BBLR terhadap kejadian underweight. Balita dengan riwayat BBLR berpeluang 4 kali lebih besar mengalami underweight selama masa balitanya dibandingkan balita dengan BBLN.

 

Kata Kunci : Underweight, BBLR, Balita, Kesehatan Anak, Nested Case Control

Background: Underweight is an early manifestation of chronic malnutrition problems in children under five. Attention to underweight cases in children under five is not as extensive as stunting reduction programs, even though underweight represents an initial indicator of malnutrition that poses risks for stunting, wasting, or both conditions simultaneously. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) has increased in Sleman Regency over the past three years. This study aims to determine the association between a history of LBW and the incidence of underweight among children aged 13–59 months in Sleman Regency. Methods: This nested case-control study used data from the Sleman HDSS (Health and Demographic Surveillance System) from cycles 3 to 8, with 59 underweight children as the case group and 118 normal-weight children as the control group. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression with a 95% confidence level. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that birth weight was not associated with the incidence of underweight (p-value: 0.191; OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 0.75–3.95). However, after adjusting for external variables in multivariable analysis, children with a history of LBW were significantly associated with an increased risk of underweight (AOR: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.10–10.61) compared to children with normal birth weight (NBW). Children of employed mothers were more likely to experience underweight (AOR : 3,34; 95% CI: 1,27- 8,76),). Meanwhile, children with dietary energy intake <80>

Keywords: Underweight, LBW, Children Under Five, Child Health, Nested Case-Control Study 

Kata Kunci : Underweight, BBLR, Balita, Kesehatan Anak, Nested Case Control