PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS (STHs) DI DESA TAMBAK DANAU DAN DESA SUNGAI PINANG LAMA, KABUPATEN BANJAR, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Priska Pinki Pesona Kristi, Prof. dr. E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati, M.Kes., Ph.D
2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis
Pendahuluan:
Infeksi Soil-transmitted Helminths (STHs) merupakan penyakit terabaikan yang berkaitan dengan sanitasi buruk dan status ekonomi rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko STHs termasuk Strongyloidiasis di dua desa, Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan, setelah Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) untuk anak usia sekolah.
Metode:
Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan terhadap 224 subjek (?5 tahun) yang dipilih dengan simple random sampling. Faktor risiko sosio-demografi, kebersihan diri dan praktik sanitasi dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Sampel feses diperiksa dengan metode wet mount untuk mengidentifikasi telur STHs dan pemeriksaan corong Baermann untuk mendeteksi larva Strongyloides sp.
Hasil:
Infeksi STHs teridentifikasi pada 18 dari 224 (8%) sampel dengan 4% (9/224) Ascaris lumbricoides, 2,2% (5/224) hookworm, 0,4% (1/224) Trichuris trichiura, 1,3% (3/224) Strongyloides stercoralis dan 0,4% (1/224) infeksi campuran (S. stercoralis dan hookworm). Uji Chi-square (p-value 0,042 dan 0,049) dan regresi logistik full model (OR 0,295; CI 95% 0,096-0,910 dan OR 0,162; CI 95% 0,035-0,742) menunjukkan kepemilikan tangki limbah dan mencuci tangan sebelum makan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan infeksi STHs. Empat kasus Strongyloidiasis menginfeksi wanita usia 40 sampai 70 tahun dan bekerja sebagai petani sawah. Tidak menggunakan alas kaki saat bekerja dan kebiasaan membersihkan diri pada lubang berisi air yang terkontaminasi tinja petani saat buang air besar diduga sebagi faktor risiko Strongyloidiasis.
Kesimpulan:
Infeksi STHs masih dapat diidentifikasi di Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan dengan prevalensi 8?hkan setelah POPM sejak 2017. Kepemilikan tangki limbah dan mencuci tangan sebelum makan berpotensi menjadi faktor risiko yang signifikan untuk infeksi STHs. Strongyloidiasis teridentifikasi sebesar 1,8% pada wanita dewasa, petani yang tinggal di Desa Tambak Danau, Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan.
Introduction:
Soil-transmitted Helminths (STHs) infection remains a neglected disease related to poor sanitation and low economic status. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of STH including Strongyloidiasis at rural area, Banjar, South Kalimantan Indonesia, after long term Mass Drug Administration (MDA) for school age children.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study on 224 subjects (?5 years old) were selected by simple random sampling. Sosio-demographic data, personal hygiene and household sanitation were collected through questioner. Stool specimens were examined by using wet mount to identify STHs egg and Baermann Funnel technique to detect Strongyloides sp larvae.
Results:
STH infection was found from 18 out of 224 (8%) samples i.e. 4% (9/224) Ascaris lumbricoides, 2.2% (5/224) hookworm, 0.4% (1/224) Trichuris trichiura, 1.3% (3/224) Strongyloides stercoralis and 0.4% (1/224) mixed infection (S. stercoralis dan hookworm). Chi-square test (p-value 0.042 and 0.049), full model logistic regression (OR 0,295; CI 95% 0,096-0,910 and OR 0,162; CI 95% 0,035-0,742) showed that septic tank ownership and washed hand before meal were found to have significant association with STHs cases. Four cases of Strongyloidiasis infected women aged 40 to 70 years who worked as rice field farmers. They didn’t wear footwear while working and had cleaning themselves in a water puddle near the rice field that contaminated with farmer’s faeces (open defecation), which was suspected to be a risk factor for Strongyloidiasis.
Conclusions:
STHs infection still could be identified in Banjar district, South Kalimantan with 8% prevalence even after the long-term MDA since 2017. Septic tank ownership and washed hand before meal were found as a significant risk factor for STHs. Strongyloidiasis was identified in 1.8% of adult women working as farmers located at Tambak Danau Village, Banjar District, South Kalimantan.
Kata Kunci : Soil-transmitted Helminths, Strongyloides stercoralis, prevalence, risk factors, South Kalimatan