ESTETIKA DISABILITAS DALAM PERFORMATIVITAS KARYA SENI RUPA ZAKKA NURUL GIFFANI

Shoqifatul Muthoharo, Dr. Budi Irawanto, S.I.P, M.A., Dr. M. Bayu Tejo Sampurno, M.A.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Penelitian ini membahas perubahan hubungan seni dan disabilitas melalui kegiatan pameran komunitas disabilitas dan kolaborasi proyek seni yang mencerminkan keterlibatan disabilitas dalam masyarakat. Fokus penelitian ini adalah karya seni rupa Zakka Nurul Giffani, seorang seniman Tuli, yang dieksplorasi melalui analisis estetika disabilitas dalam performativitas visual. Kajian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi representasi estetika disabilitas yang tercermin dalam performativitas visual karya Zakka.

Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Perspektif seni sebagai pertunjukan dari David Davies dan estetika disabilitas dari Tobin Siebers digunakan untuk memahami representasi visual dan persepsi audiens dalam tiga karya Zakka: “Kamu Bilang Aku Bisu” (2022), “Pikiran Negatif” (2022), dan “First Find Butterfly Man” (2022). Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada representasi visual disabilitas Tuli dan isu diskriminasi yang dialami seniman. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan arsip karya, yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik penjodohan pola, eksplanasi, dan analisis kronologis.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karya Zakka mencerminkan perlawanan simbolis terhadap trauma yang dialaminya, menghasilkan karya dengan muatan politis. Performativitas visualnya memicu persepsi audiens yang mencakup simpati terhadap kondisi disabilitas, refleksi pengalaman diskriminasi, dan kesadaran sosial. Temuan juga mengungkapkan pewacanaan trauma yang dialami Zakka dalam tiga lingkungan yakni, rumah, pendidikan, dan masyarakat—yang memengaruhi karyanya. Analisis ini menyoroti hubungan antara estetika disabilitas, performativitas visual, dan persepsi audiens.

This study examines the evolving relationship between art and disability through activities such as disability community exhibitions and collaborative art projects, reflecting the increased involvement of people with disabilities in society. The research focuses on the artwork of Zakka Nurul Giffani, an artist with a hearing disability, exploring disability aesthetics through visual performativity. It aims to identify the representation of disability aesthetics embedded in the visual performativity of Zakka's artwork.

The study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. It integrates David Davies’ perspective on art as performance and Tobin Siebers’ concept of disability aesthetics to analyze visual representation and audience perception. Three of Zakka's works are examined: "Kamu Bilang Aku Bisu" (You Said I Am Mute, 2022), "Pikiran Negatif" (Negative Thoughts, 2022), and "First Find Butterfly Man" (2022). These works were selected for their representation of hearing disability and the discrimination experienced by the artist. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and archival records and were analyzed using pattern matching, explanation building, and chronological analysis.

The findings reveal that Zakka's works symbolically resist the trauma he has experienced, resulting in politically charged art. His visual performativity evokes audience perceptions ranging from empathy toward disability conditions and reflections on experiences of discrimination to heightened social awareness. Furthermore, the study uncovers trauma discourse in Zakka’s contexts—home, education, and society—that significantly influenced his creations. This analysis highlights the interplay between disability aesthetics, visual performativity, and audience perception.

Kata Kunci : Estetika Disabilitas, Performativitas, Karya Seni Rupa, Zakka Nurul Giffanni