Model Program Promosi Kesehatan Calon Pengantin Sehat Prakonsepsi (Catin Serasi) sebagai Upaya Siap Hamil Sehat

SILVIA ARI AGUSTINA, Prof. Dra. R.A. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si., Ph.D; Dra. Elli Nur Hayati, M.P.H., Ph.D., Psikolog; Prof. dr. Mohammad Hakimi, Sp.O.G. (K.), Ph.D.

2024 | Disertasi | S3 Kedokteran Umum

Latar Belakang: Periode prakonsepsi memberikan kesempatan untuk mengubah perilaku tidak sehat, yang dapat berefek positif dan bertahan lama pada masa depan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Sebenarnya program calon pengantin (catin) sudah ada, akan tetapi pelaksanaannya masih belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan belum melibatkan catin laki-laki. Keterlibatan catin laki-laki sangat penting terutama untuk kesehatannya sendiri dan yang memberikan keputusan reproduksi.

Tujuan Penelitian: Mengembangkan model promosi kesehatan “Catin Serasi” yang sesuai bagi catin agar siap untuk hamil dengan sehat.

Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian mixed methods study dengan rancangan eksploratori sekuensial. Tahap pertama adalah kualitatif bertujuan mengeksplorasi kebutuhan kesehatan prakonsepsi pada catin dan hasil interpretasinya menghasilkan model program promosi kesehatan Catin Serasi. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion (FGD). Analisis data dengan bantuan open code 4.0. Tahap kedua adalah kuantitatif untuk menguji efektivitas model promosi kesehatan Catin Serasi. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner tertutup hasil adopsi dan modifikasi. Populasi penelitian adalah catin dan pengambilan sampel secara purposive homogeneous sampling. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji paired sample t-test dan independent sample t-test.

Hasil Penelitian: Hasil analisis data kualitatif memperoleh empat tema, yaitu latar belakang perlunya program, kendala pelaksanaan program, faktor pendukung pelaksanaan program, dan kebutuhan program. Dibutuhkan program promosi kesehatan tentang upaya peningkatan kesehatan prakonsepsi untuk catin yang holistik, terintegrasi, kerjasama lintas sektoral, melibatkan catin laki-laki, dan dilaksanakan secara hybrid (daring dan luring). Hasil penelitian kuantitatif dan kedua kelompok dilakukan analisis terpisah, bahwa intervensi program Catin Serasi berdasarkan nilai pretest dan posttest variabel pengetahuan, persepsi manfaat dan hambatan, dan efikasi diri terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0>

Kesimpulan: Program Catin Serasi dapat menjadi model alternatif promosi kesehatan di Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan literasi kesehatan mengenai optimalisasi kesehatan prakonsepsi sebagai upaya siap hamil sehat. Diperlukan cakupan yang lebih luas, melibatkan seluruh agama, dan menggunakan media online secara synchronize.

Background: The preconception period provides an opportunity to change unhealthy behaviors, which can have a positive and lasting impact on the health of mothers and children in the future. Actually, the premarital program already exists, but its implementation is still not in line with expectations and has not yet involved the male candidates. The involvement of the premarital is very important, especially for his own health and in reproductive decision-making.

Objective: To develop a health promotion model Catin Serasi that is suitable for prospective premarital to prepare for a healthy pregnancy.

Method: This was a mixed methods study with a sequential exploratory design. This study consisted of two stages. The first stage was a qualitative. This stage aimed to explore the preconception health needs of prospective brides and grooms, and the interpretive results produce a health promotion model called Catin Serasi. The data collection was using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The data analysis used Open Code 4.0. The second stage was quantitative to test the effectiveness of the Catin Serasi health promotion model. The data collection technique uses closed questionnaires that are the result of adoption and modification. The population consists of engaged couples, and the sampling was conducted using purposive homogeneous sampling. Data analysis were paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test.

Results: The analysis of qualitative data yielded four themes, namely the background of the the program, the obstacle to program implementation, the supporting factors and the requirements program. A health promotion program is needed on improving preconception health for engaged couples that is holistic, integrated, involves cross-sector collaboration, includes the male partner, and is implemented in a hybrid (online dan offline). The results of the quantitative data with both groups analyzed separately, indicate that the Catin Serasi program intervention based on pretest and posttest scores for the variables of knowledge, perceived benefits and barriers, as well as self-efficacy showed significant differences (p<0>

Conclusion: The Catin Serasi program can serve as an alternative model for health promotion in community health centers to enhance health literacy regarding the optimization of preconception health as an effort to prepare for a healthy pregnancy. Wider coverage is needed, involving all religions, and use the mediaon line in a way synchronize. 

Kata Kunci : Catin Serasi, promosi kesehatan, calon pengantin, kesehatan Prakonsepsi