Determinan Kondisi Angkatan Kerja Penyandang Disabilitas di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Analisis Data Sakernas Tahun 2022)

NAJWA NUR AWALIA, Dr. Agr. Evita Hanie Pangaribowo, SE., Midec.

2024 | Skripsi | GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Disabilitas perlu memperoleh perhatian khusus karena prevalensinya yang terus meningkat dan berimplikasi pada terhambatnya pembangunan nasional karena sulitnya masuk ke pasar kerja. Provinsi DIY memiliki persentase penduduk disabilitas dewasa (usia 18-59 tahun) tertinggi ke-3 nasional, yaitu sebesar 33,2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) distribusi spasial angkatan kerja penyandang disabilitas berdasarkan sektor, status, dan jenis pekerjaan utama di Provinsi DIY, (2) karakteristik sosial demografi angkatan kerja penyandang disabilitas di Provinsi DIY, (3) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi status bekerja angkatan kerja penyandang disabilitas di Provinsi DIY.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan raw data dari Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) Agustus tahun 2022 dengan lokasi kajian di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Variabel yang dikaji yaitu status bekerja (variabel dependen) dan wilayah tempat tinggal, jenis kelamin, umur, status perkawinan, pendidikan terakhir, pelatihan, pengalaman kerja, dan jenis disabilitas (variabel independen). Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dengan analisis spasial dan crosstab serta analisis inferensial dengan uji regresi logistik biner.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara persebarannya, penyandang disabilitas lebih banyak yang berada di Kabupaten Kulon Progo (142 orang)  dibandingkan di Kota Yogyakarta (89 orang). Berdasarkan sektor pekerjaan utama, penyandang disabilitas yang bertempat tinggal di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Gunungkidul didominasi yang bekerja di sektor pertanian, sedangkan di Kota Yogyakarta didominasi oleh sektor jasa. Berdasarkan status pekerjaan utama, penyandang disabilitas didominasi bekerja dengan berusaha dibantu pekerja tidak tetap/pekerja keluarga/tidak dibayar seperti di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Kabupaten Sleman. Hal tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan  jenis pekerjaan utama yang didominasi oleh tenaga penjualan dan tenaga terampil pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan. Hasil uji regresi logistik biner menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua variabel independen, yaitu dummy disabilitas mendengar dan dummy disabilitas menggerakkan jari yang tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap status bekerja di Provinsi DIY.

Disability needs special attention because its prevalence continues to increase and has implications for hindering national development due to the difficulty of entering the job market. Yogyakarta Province is the province that has the 3rd highest percentage of adult disabled population (aged 18-59 years) nationally, which is 33.2%. This study aims to analyze: (1) the spatial distribution of the workforce of persons with disabilities based on sectors, statuses, and main types of occupations in the Province of Yogyakarta, (2) the socio-demographic characteristics of the workforce of persons with disabilities in the Province of Yogyakarta, (3) factors that affect the working status of the workforce of persons with disabilities in the Province of Yogyakarta.

 

This study is a quantitative research using raw data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) in August 2022 with a study location in the Special Region Province of Yogyakarta. The variables studied were work status (dependent variable) and area of residence, gender, age, marital status, last education, training, work experience, and type of disability (independent variables). The analysis used was descriptive analysis with spatial and crosstab analysis and inferential analysis with binary logistic regression test.

The results of the study show that in terms of distribution, there are more people with disabilities in Kulon Progo Regency (142 people) than in Yogyakarta City (89 people). Based on the main employment sector, people with disabilities who live in Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul Regencies are dominated by those who work in the agricultural sector. In contrast, in Yogyakarta City, it is dominated by the service sector. Based on the main employment status, people with disabilities are dominated by working with the help of non-permanent workers/family workers/unpaid workers such as in Gunungkidul Regency, Kulon Progo Regency, and Sleman Regency. This is inversely proportional to the main types of jobs which are dominated by sales and skilled workers in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. The results of the binary logistic regression test showed that there were two independent variables, namely the hearing disability dummy and the finger movement dummy which did not have a significant effect on the working status in the Province of Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Angkatan Kerja, Disabilitas, DIY, Kesempatan Kerja, Pasar Tenaga Kerja, Labor Force, Disability, DIY, Job Opportunities, Labor Market