EFEKTIVITAS IMPLEMENTASI PENERIMAAN PESERTA DIDIK BARU (PPDB) SISTEM ZONASI DALAM PEMERATAAN MUTU PESERTA DIDIK DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Nurokhmah, Prof. Dr. Sukamdi, M.Sc.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Studi Kebijakan
Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut :1) Proses Implementasi PPDB sistem zonasi di
Kota Yogyakarta tidak efektif dalam pemerataan mutu pendidikan di Kota
Yogyakarta. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya jalur zonasi yang membedadakan
dengan jalur di wilayah lain yaitu zonasi mutu yang memiliki persentase lebih
besar dari zonasi wiayah (zonasi radius). 2) Secara teoritis efektifitas PPDB
dalam pemerataan mutu pendidikan di Kota Yogyakarta dipengaruhi oleh 3 faktor
yaitu a) sumber daya yang diukur melalui sumber daya manusia, sarana prasarana,
dan anggaran dana. Ketiga indikator terseburt berada dalam kategori baik baik
di level sekolah maupun peserta didik. b) Komunikasi. Aspek
komunikasi diukur berdasarkan transfer informasi dan kejelasan informasi. Aspek
komunikasi pada proses PPDB pada level sekolah berada pada kategori sangat
baik. Kemudian pada level orang tua,
aspek komunikasi diukur berdasarkan indikator transfer informasi dan kejelasan
informasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa aspek komunikasi
dalam proses PPDB berada pada kategori baik. c) Leadership. Aspek
leadership (kepemimpinan) dalam proses PPDB yang dilihat berdasarkan peran
kepala sekolah sebagai edukator, sebagai manajer, dan sebagai leader berada
pada kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan
ketiga faktor tersebut, proses implementasi PPDB sistem zonasi dapat dikatakan
efektif secara proses karena didukung oleh sumber daya, komunikasi, dan
kepemimpinan dengan kategori yang baik.
Namun tidak efektif jika dilihat berdasarkan output peserta didik. Berdasarkan
hasil studi di lapangan menemukan bahwa terdapat faktor lain yang menghambat pemerataan
mutu pendidikan di Kota Yogyakarta yaitu budaya sekolah untuk terus
mempertahankan kualitas mutu termasuk di dalamnya Kerjasama antara peserta
didik, guru, alumni, orang tua peserta didik, komite, dan stakeholder. Berdasarkan temuan di lapangan peneliti
merekomendasikan bahwa sebaiknya adanya penurunan zonasi mutu dan menaikan
kuota zonasi wilayah sehingga bisa mewadahi kebutuhan peserta didik. Selain itu
perlu adanya peningkatan manajeman budaya sekolah agar masing-masing sekolah di
SMP Kota Yogyakarta bisa meningkatkan prestasinya.
This study aims to see the effectiveness of the New Student Admissions (PPDB) zoning system in equalizing the quality of education in the city of Yogyakarta. This study is a descriptive quantitative study. The subjects of this study were the PPDB Committee and guardians of students. Data collection in this study used questionnaires and document studies. The validity of the instrument content was calculated using the Aiken's formula. Reliability estimates were calculated using Cronbach Alpha with results of 0.94 on the PPDB committee questionnaire and 0.95 on the guardian questionnaire, both in the very high category. Data analysis techniques are presented in quantitative descriptive form through tables with reference to the categorization consisting of very good, good, quite good, less good, and not good. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The implementation process of the PPDB zoning system in the city of Yogyakarta is not effective in equalizing the quality of education in the city of Yogyakarta. This is due to the existence of a zoning path that differentiates it from paths in other regions, namely quality zoning which has a larger percentage than regional zoning (radius zoning). 2) Theoretically, the effectiveness of PPDB in equalizing the quality of education in the city of Yogyakarta is influenced by 3 factors, namely a) resources measured through human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and budget funds. These three indicators are in the good category both at the school and student levels. b) Communication. The communication aspect is measured based on the transfer of information and clarity of information. The communication aspect in the PPDB process at the school level is in the very good category. Then at the parent level, the communication aspect is measured based on the information transfer and clarity of information indicators. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was found that the communication aspect in the PPDB process was in the good category. c) Leadership. The leadership aspect in the PPDB process as seen based on the role of the principal as an educator, as a manager, and as a leader is in the very good category. Based on these three factors, the implementation process of the zoning system PPDB can be said to be effective in terms of the process because it is supported by resources, communication, and leadership with good categories. However, it is not effective when viewed based on student output. Based on the results of the field study, it was found that there are other factors that hinder the equalization of education quality in Yogyakarta City, namely the school culture to continue to maintain quality including cooperation between students, teachers, alumni, parents of students, committees, and stakeholders. Based on the findings in the field, the researcher recommends that there should be a decrease in quality zoning and an increase in regional zoning quotas so that they can accommodate the needs of students. In addition, it is necessary to improve school culture management so that each school in SMP Yogyakarta City can improve its achievements.
Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, PPDB sistem zonasi , pemerataan mutu