ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT OPERATIONS: ACOMPARATIVE LCA CASE STUDY IN NORWAY
Alifiya Ikhsani, Luluk Lusiantoro PhD
2024 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen
Søndre Follo Renseanlegg (SFR) adalah instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) milik pemerintah daerah di Vestby, Norwegia, dengan kapasitas 25.000 p.e. Fasilitas ini menggunakan proses pengolahan mekanis-kimia serta pengolahan sludge dengan pemulihan energi. Meskipun SFR telah memenuhi persyaratan dari Badan Pengendalian Pencemaran Norwegia (SFT), aturan yang lebih ketat dari revisi Urban Wastewater Directive (UWWTD) sekarang mewajibkan penghilangan nitrogen dan audit energi. Sebagai tanggapan, SFR sedang mencari alternatif operasional, dengan uji coba salah satu solusi yang dijadwalkan pada Juni 2024.
Penilaian Daur Hidup (LCA) sangat penting dalam mengevaluasi kinerja lingkungan saat meningkatkan IPAL. LCA membantu pengambil keputusan untuk menilai perbandingan antara peningkatan kualitas air dan potensi peningkatan konsumsi energi serta jejak karbon. Studi ini menggabungkan ISO 14044/46:2006 LCA, analisis biaya siklus hidup (LCCA), dan NPV untuk mengevaluasi kinerja lingkungan dan ekonomi dari operasi saat ini dan alternatif di SFR.
Kinerja lingkungan dan ekonomi SFR akan dihitung menggunakan 1 m3 air limbah yang telah diolah. Batasan sistem mencakup air limbah yang masuk, aliran energi dan massa dari operasi IPAL hingga transportasi produk sampingan (gate-to-gate). Studi LCA ini menggunakan SimaPro v9.5.0.1 dan Ecoinvent v3 dengan 80?ta diambil dari lapangan. Dampak lingkungan dihitung menggunakan CML IA Baseline v3.05, sedangkan valuasi moneternya menggunakan Environmental Prices v.100.
Hasil awal studi ini menunjukkan bahwa operasi alternatif dengan sistem MABR, adaptasi teknologi reaktor biogas baru, dan pengurangan sludge dari fasilitas lain adalah opsi pengolahan yang paling layak secara lingkungan dan finansial. Setelah membandingkan alternatifnya, kontribusi masing-masing proses terhadap kategori dampak lingkungan akan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Terakhir, akan dilakukan analisis untuk melihat perbedaan biaya fase konstruksi dan operasional dari berbagai alternatif, guna mengidentifikasi area perbaikan yang potensial.
Søndre Follo Renseanlegg (SFR) is a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Vestby, Norway. The plant has a capacity of 25,000 p.e. It uses mechanical-chemical treatment processes as well as sludge treatment with energy recovery. SFR met the requirement set by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority. Nevertheless, the laws become more stringent, requiring the facility in Norway to follow the revised Urban Wastewater Directive (UWWTD). Member states are obligated to satisfy nitrogen removal and report energy audits to reduce energy consumption and increase the use of renewable energy. Therefore, SFR is currently investigating different potential operations. A pilot test for one alternative solution will begin in June 2024.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) helps identify environmental performance when upgrading WWTP. Decision-makers should understand and weigh the trade-offs between environmental benefits such as improved water quality and environmental impacts like higher energy consumption and carbon footprint. The WWTP system's complexity makes integration of LCA and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) using site-specific data in SFR important. The goal of this study is to assess the environmental and economic performance of current and alternative operations.
This study integrated ISO 14044/46:2006 LCA, LCCA, and net present value. Environmental and economic performance of SFR will be quantified. One m3 of treated wastewater is used. The system boundaries include piped wastewater entering the plant, energy and mass input and output flows from WWTP operation to byproduct transport (gate-to-gate). The LCA study used SimaPro v9.5.0.1 and Ecoinvent v3 with 80% on-site data considered. Environmental impact assessment calculated using CML IA Baseline v3.05, while Environmental Prices v.100 was used for monetary valuation.
This study's preliminary findings indicate that the alternative operation with MABR system, new biogas reactor, and reduction of incoming sludge from other facilities is the most environmentally and financially viable treatment option. After comparing the alternatives, the contribution of each unit process to the environmental impact categories will be investigated further. Finally, analysis will be conducted to examine the differences in costs of construction and operation phases of different alternatives, with the aim of identifying potential areas for improvement.
Kata Kunci : kebutuhan energi, potensi eutrofikasi, LCA lokasi spesifik, operasi IPAL
