Preservasi dan Konservasi Koleksi Karya Seni Galeri Nasional Indonesia sebagai Upaya Perawatan Memori Kolektif Bangsa

Hafshah Lafiif, Irfan Rizky Darajat, S.I.P., M.A.

2024 | Tugas Akhir | D4 Pengelolaan Arsip Rekaman Informasi

Didirikan sebagai kediaman ribuan karya penyusun sejarah seni rupa bangsa dan masterpiece maestro negara, Galeri Nasional Indonesia mengemban dua tanggung jawab utama. Pertama, untuk merawat dan melestarikan koleksi sebagai sumber memori kolektif warisan budaya bangsa. Kedua, menyelenggarakan eksebisi untuk memenuhi fungsi pemanfaatan koleksi sebagai sumber edukasi masyarakat. Namun, dengan memamerkan fisik karya pada publik, perlu dipertimbangan peningkatan risiko kerusakan dan penurunan kualitas material dari koleksi. Penelitian membahas cara Galeri Nasional Indonesia, yang ditunjuk sebagai pelopor lembaga seni supa modern negara, dapat mencegah dan menangani risiko kerusakan dan penurunan kualitas karya dengan nilai kesejarahan maupun tingkat kerentanan yang tinggi, sebagai upaya untuk dapat terus menjamin pemberian pelayanan edukasi sejarah dan budaya bangsa kepada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah studi kasus kualitatif. Data diakuisisi melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Analisis penelitian didasari oleh teori dan konsep memori kolektif, preservasi, dan konservasi. Hasil penelitian memberikan wawasan terkait kekurangan dan kelebihan upaya preservasi dan konservasi yang dilakukan oleh Galeri Nasional Indonesia. Dilakukan pembahasan terkait hambatan lembaga dalam aspek pemerataan kualitas ruang pengelolaan karya, ketidaksesuaian desain gedung dengan kebutuhan, serta limitasi sumber daya pelaksanaan preservasi. Namun, dapat dilihat pula kelebihan lembaga dalam cara mengatasi kekurangan yang dimiliki, seperti memperketat pengawasan kondisi karya, perkembangan kemampuan personel, serta sosialisasi pengunjung terkait tata tertib kunjungan pameran. Selain itu, dapat dilihat pula bagaimana Galeri Nasional Indonesia menggunakan pameran—yang unggul dalam aspek pemberian prioritas pendanaan dan pengadaan—sebagai salah satu peluang untuk menyimpan dan merawat koleksi sesuai standar dan kondisi ideal pelestarian karya seni.

Established as a home to masterpieces of nation’s maestros and thousands of artworks making up Indonesian fine arts history, Galeri Nasional Indonesia donned a heavy responsibility in two major functional aspects. First, to preserve and conserve its collection as vessels of the nation's collective memory and objects of cultural heritage. Second, to hold exhibitions as a means of utilizing its collection as sources of public education. But by showcasing the artworks’ original physical copies to the public, it is wise to consider the increase of risks in damages and further deterioration of the materials. This research will delve into how Galeri Nasional Indonesia, as proposed as the pioneering institution of Indonesian fine arts, could carry out its duty in preventing and handling the risks of damages and decay of their artworks, of which contain high levels of both value and vulnerability, as an effort to maintain its role as the provider of nation’s art history and cultural education. The research is done by using a qualitative case study method. Information and data was acquired through observation, interviews, and literary studies. Analyzation of the data is done by using theories and concepts of collective memory, preservation, and conservation. Results of the research gives an insight to Galeri Nasional Indonesia’s strengths and weaknesses in their efforts of preservation and conservation. It raises the discussion of the institution’s hurdles in terms of maintaining an equal level of quality across its facilities, the incompatibility of its building’s design, and limitations in some aspects of resources needed to preserve its collections. However, strengths can also be seen through the institution’s efforts in handling its shortcomings, such as increasing the monitoring of artwork’s conditions, improving personnel skills, and socializing visitors regarding exhibition regulations. Moreover, the research also shows how Galeri Nasional Indonesia uses its exhibitions—which has an advantage in prioritized funding and sourcing—as an opportunity to store and preserve their collection in its ideal and intended conditions and standards.

Kata Kunci : preservasi, konservasi, eksebisi, karya seni, memori kolektif