Lifestyle and Mental Health as Risk Factors for Incidents of Hypertension among Young Adults in Yogyakarta

Anindita Farda Khusnia, Khudazi Aulawi, S.Kp., M.Kes., MN.Sc., Ph.D; Professor Hsiu Ting Tsai, R.N, Ph.D

2024 | Tesis | S2 Magister Keperawatan

Latar belakang : Hipertensi disebut sebagai “silent killer” yang membuat orang tidak menyadari bahwa dirinya tiba-tiba mengidap hipertensi karena tidak memiliki tanda dan gejala yang mereka rasakan. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik, perilaku konsumsi makanan yang buruk, konsumsi garam, perilaku merokok, dan perokok pasif akan menjadi faktor modifikasi terjadinya hipertensi. Peningkatan tekanan darah bisa terjadi ketika seseorang mengalami kesehatan mental yang buruk, seperti stres, kecemasan, atau depresi.

Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah studi case-control yang melibatkan 94 partisipan yang telah didiagnosis hipertensi oleh dokter dan telah mengonsumsi obat hipertensi, dan 94 partisipan merupakan orang yang belum pernah didiagnosis hipertensi oleh dokter atau belum pernah mengonsumsi obat hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Kuesioner Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) untuk mengukur konsumsi garam. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) mengukur variabel aktivitas fisik. Kesehatan mental diukur dengan kuesioner Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Model regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menguji gaya hidup dan kesehatan mental sebagai faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi.

Hasil : Temuan model regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa perokok pasif (p=0.009; AOR, 2.947; 95% CI, 1.303-6.665), konsumsi natrium (p<0 p=0.001; p=0.001;>

Kesimpulan : Gaya hidup yang buruk dan status kesehatan mental berhubungan dengan risiko terjadinya hipertensi pada usia dewasa muda di Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Gaya hidup, perilaku merokok, konsumsi natrium, aktivitas fisik, kesehatan mental.

Background: Hypertension is called a "silent killer," which makes people unaware that they suddenly have hypertension because they do not have the signs and symptoms they feel. Lack of physical activity, poor food consumption behavior, natrium consumption, smoking behavior, and secondhand smoking will be the modified factors of hypertension. Increased blood pressure can occur when a person experiences poor mental health, such as stress, anxiety or depression.

Methods: This was a case-control study design involving 94 participants who had been diagnosed with hypertension by a physician and had taken hypertension medication, and 94 participants were people who had never been diagnosed with hypertension by a physician or had never taken hypertension medication. This study used the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) to measure sodium consumption. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) measured the physical activity variable. Mental health was measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS) questionnaire. A logistic regression model was conducted to examine lifestyle and mental health as the risk factors for the incidence of hypertension.

Results: The findings of the logistic regression model showed that secondhand smoking (p=0.009; AOR, 2.947; 95% CI, 1.303-6.665), natrium consumption (p<0 p=0.001; p=0.001;>

Conclusion: Poor lifestyle and mental health status were related to the risk of hypertension.

Keywords: Lifestyle, smoking behavior, natrium consumption, physical activity, mental health.

Kata Kunci : lifestyle, smoking behavior, natrium consumption, physical activity, mental health.