Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat (TB RO) di Rumah Sakit Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Veronika Devi Puspitaningtyas, Ema Madyaningrum, S.Kep., NS., M.Kes., Ph.D.; Dwi Harjanto, S.Kp., M.Sc.

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia terdapat 12.702 kasus Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat (TB RO) pada tahun 2022, dengan capaian pengobatan yaitu hanya 52?n tingkat keberhasilan pengobatan 48%. Kurangnya kepatuhan saat menjalani pengobatan berdampak pada rendahnya angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB RO.

Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui gambaran kepatuhan minum obat pasien TB RO di rumah sakit DIY

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan total sampling. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien TB RO yang sedang menjalani pengobatan di rumah sakit yang ada di wilayah DIY yang berjumlah 46 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) untuk mengukur kepatuhan minum obat. Aanalisa menggunakan deskriptif statistik untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi karakteristik dan kepatuhan minum obat pasien TB RO serta menggunakan chi-square untuk membandingkan keduanya.

Hasil: Kepatuhan minum obat pasien TB RO di rumah sakit DIY 28,3% tinggi, 67,4% sedang dan 4,3% rendah. Hubungan kepatuhan minum obat dengan karakteristik responden menunjukkan terdapat hubungan, yaitu usia (p=0,003), status dalam keluarga (p=0,018) dan periode pengambilan obat (p=0,008).

Kesimpulan: Pengawasan minum obat yang lebih ketat terutama bagi pasien yang tidak mengambil obat setiap hari akan meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat yang diharapkan berdampak pada keberhasilan pengobatan TB RO.

Background: In 2022, there were 12.702 Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) cases in Indonesia with only 52% of treatment accomplishment and 48% of successful treatment rate. The low rate of successful treatment was affected by the lack of medication adherence of the DR TB patients.

Objective: This study aims to determine the description of medication adherence for DR TB patients at hospitals in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Method: This study is descriptive research that employs a cross-sectional approach using total sampling. The participants of this study were 46 DR-TB patients receiving treatment at hospitals in the Special Region of Yogyakarta area. This study employed the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) questionnaire to measure the medication adherence of the DR-TB patients. It applied descriptive statistics to analyze the frequency distribution of the characteristics and the medication adherence of the DR TB patients, and Chi-Square was also employed to compare them.

Findings: Based on the findings, the medication adherence rates of the DR-TB patients receiving treatment at hospitals in the Special Region of Yogyakarta area were shown as 28.3% high, 67.4% average, and 4.3% low. The relationship between medication adherence and respondent characteristics shows that there is a relationship, namely the age (p=0.003), the status in the family (p=0.018), and the drug-taking period (p=008) of the patients.

Conclusion: Strict supervision of DR-TB patients in taking medication, especially for the patients that did not take the medication every day, will increase medication adherence of the patients that leads to successful treatment of the DR-TB.

Kata Kunci : Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, kepatuhan minum obat, Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat, Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, medication adherence