Keanekaragaman Spesies dan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Anggrek di Kawasan Ekowisata Menoreh, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

MUHAMMAD FITYATUL HAQ, Prof. Dr. Ratna Susandarini, M.Sc.

2024 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Perbukitan Menoreh, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta serta mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada anggrek. Inventarisasi dan koleksi sampel dilakukan di  Air Terjun Sidoharjo (ATS) dan Ekowisata Sungai Mudal (ESM).  Inventarisasi dilakukan dengan eksplorasi pada kisaran ketinggian 400 hingga 600 mdpl. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dilakukan terhadap ekstrak metanol anggrek yang didapatkan dari ATS dan ESM. Uji metabolit sekunder secara kualitatif dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, dan terpenoid. Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil metabolit sekunder lebih lanjut. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 spesies anggrek di kawasan ATS dan 11 spesies anggrek di ESM. Secara keseluruhan, terdapat 17 spesies anggrek di lokasi penelitian, yaitu  Liparis condylobulbon, Peristylus goodyeroides, Nervilia plicata, Dendrobium crumenatum, Cymbidium sp., Acriopsis liliifolia, Eulophia cernua, Crepidium kobi, Spathoglottis plicata, Taeniophyllum sp., Liparis parviflora, Bryobium retusum, Zeuxine sp., Vanilla planifolia, Malaxis sp., Dienia ophrydis, dan Phaius sp. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder menunjukkan mayoritas anggrek memiliki senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Hasil KLT menunjukkan bahwa setiap anggrek memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yang beragam. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang beragam pada spesies anggrek menunjukkan bahwa anggrek memiliki bioprospek yang luas. Konservasi anggrek perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari kepunahan anggrek di alam akibat eksploitasi berlebihan.

Menoreh Hills harbor high flora diversity. One of the plants with high biodiversity in Menoreh Hills is orchid. Orchids contain various secondary metabolites which have bioactive properties. There is a lack of orchid secondary metabolites research in Indonesia. This research aims to inventory the orchid species in Menoreh Hills, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and identify the secondary metabolites. Inventory and collection of orchids were carried out in Sidoharjo Waterfall (ATS) and Mudal River Ecotourism (ESM). Inventory was performed by direct observation and tracking at 400 to 600 m asl. Secondary metabolite identification was carried out on methanolic extract of orchids that had been collected from ATS and ESM. The qualitative screening was performed to detect the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, and terpenoid compounds. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was carried out to recognize the profile of secondary metabolites in advance. The results showed that there are 12 species in ATS and 11 species in ESM. Overall, there are 17 orchid species in research areas consist of Liparis condylobulbon, Peristylus goodyeroides, Nervilia plicata, Dendrobium crumenatum, Cymbidium sp., Acriopsis liliifolia, Eulophia cernua, Crepidium kobi, Spathoglottis plicata, Taeniophyllum sp., Liparis parviflora, Bryobium retusum, Zeuxine, Vanilla planifolia, Malaxis sp., Dienia ophrydis, and Phaius sp. Secondary metabolite identification showed that most orchids contain phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds. TLC results showed that each orchid contains various secondary metabolites. The various secondary metabolites of orchids revealed that orchids have wide bioprospects. The conservation of orchids is important to be realized to prevent the extinction of orchids that are caused by overexploitation.

Kata Kunci : Anggrek, Inventarisasi, Keanekaragaman spesies, Menoreh, Metabolit Sekunder