Pendekatan Community-Based Organization dalam Upaya Penanganan Stunting: Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Mentaya Hilir Selatan, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur

Gromiko, Dr. dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, M.A

2024 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEBIJAKAN DAN MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN

Tujuan: Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius di Indonesia, terutama di Kecamatan Mentaya Hilir Selatan, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran Community-Based Organizations (CBO) dalam upaya mengatasi stunting di wilayah tersebut.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 33 Informan, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari bidan, kader, anggota TP-PKK, kader KB, ibu-ibu dalam komunitas, dan manajer program tingkat kecamatan/desa. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis konten dan tematik.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CBO di Kecamatan Mentaya Hilir Selatan  belum memiliki sinergi yang baik belum antara pemerintah, masyarakat, dan multi sektor. Penanganan stunting melalui berbagai program seperti Posyandu, Pos Gizi Bunting, Aksi Cegah Stunting (ACS), Program Dahsyat (Dapur Sehat Atasi Stunting), dan Tim Pendamping Keluarga (TPK). Program-program ini melibatkan berbagai kegiatan seperti edukasi gizi, demo masak, penimbangan balita, dan kunjungan rumah untuk memantau kondisi ibu hamil dan anak balita. Namun, ditemukan bahwa beban kerja kader kesehatan terlalu besar karena mereka tidak hanya berperan sebagai pelaksana lapangan tetapi juga menjalankan fungsi manajerial. Salah satu kader desa juga berperan ganda sebagai manajer program, yang berkontribusi signifikan terhadap keberhasilan penanganan stunting.
Kesimpulan: Pendekatan berbasis komunitas melalui CBO terbukti efektif dalam mengatasi masalah stunting di Kecamatan Mentaya Hilir Selatan. Keberhasilan program yang berkelanjutan dimasyarakat tidak terlepas dari peran kader. Namun, perlu adanya peninjauan kembali struktur peran dan beban kerja kader untuk memastikan keberlanjutan dan efektivitas program.

Objective: Stunting is a serious public health problem in Indonesia, especially in the Mentaya Hilir Selatan District, Kotawaringin Timur Regency. This study aims to explore the role of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) in addressing stunting in the area.

Methods: This study uses a qualitative design with a case study approach, data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with 33 informants, observations, and document analysis. The subjects of the study consist of midwives, community health workers (kaders), members of the Family Welfare Movement (TP-PKK), family planning cadres, mothers in the community, and program managers at the sub-district/village level. The data were analyzed using content and thematic analysis methods.

Results: The results showed that CBOs in Mentaya Hilir Selatan District have not yet established good synergy between the government, the community, and multiple sectors. Stunting management is carried out through various programs such as Posyandu, Pos Gizi Bunting, Aksi Cegah Stunting (ACS), Program Dahsyat (Dapur Sehat Atasi Stunting), and Family Assistance Teams (TPK). These programs involve various activities such as nutrition education, cooking demonstrations, weighing toddlers, and home visits to monitor the condition of pregnant women and young children. However, it was found that the workload of health cadres is too heavy because they not only act as field implementers but also carry out managerial functions. One of the village cadres also plays a dual role as a program manager, which significantly contributes to the success of stunting management.

Conclusion: The community-based approach through CBOs has proven effective in addressing stunting in Mentaya Hilir Selatan District. The success of sustainable programs in the community cannot be separated from the role of the cadres. However, there is a need to review the structure of roles and workload of the cadres to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the programs.

Kata Kunci : Community-Based Organization, Stunting, Community Empowerment, Mentaya Hilir Selatan District