ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA PERAWAT BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK UNIT PELAYANAN DI RSUD H. HANAFIE MUARA BUNGO PROVINSI JAMBI
Try Lestari, Beban kerja, Karakteristik perawat, Unit level, Task level, Patient level dan Clinician level. / Workload, Nurse characteristics, Unit level, Task level, Patient level, Clinician level.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Latar Belakang : Beban kerja tenaga kesehatan dapat berdampak buruk pada proses
pelayanan pasien, menyebabkan kelelahan, absensi kerja dan menurunkan kualitas
pelayanan. Klasifikasi beban kerja perawat meliputi unit-level, task-level, patient-level dan clinician-level.
Tujuan : Menganalisis dan mencari hubungan
beban kerja perawat
berdasarkan karakteristik unit
pelayanan di RSUD H. Hanafie Muara Bungo Provinsi Jambi.
Metode : Mixed Method dengan strategi eksplanatoris
sequensial. Sampel kuantitatif berjumlah 50 perawat dipilih dengan proportional random sampling, informan
kualitatif berjumlah 13 responden dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket beban kerja,
lembar observasi dan wawancara.
Hasil : Karakteristik
perawat (usia, jenis kelamin, masa kerja, pendidikan dan pelatihan) tidak berhubungan
signifikan dengan beban kerja. Sementara karakteristik unit pelayanan memiliki
hubungan signifikan, seperti di unit level, task level dan clinician level terdapat banyak
responden dengan beban kerja tinggi, sedangkan pada patient level tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan secara
statistik dan beban kerja perawat cenderung
rendah. Hasil wawancara mengidentifikasikan bahwa terdapat berbagai faktor yang
menyebabkan beban kerja di setiap unit pelayanan.
Kesimpulan : Karakteristik unit
pelayanan mempengaruhi beban kerja perawat: pada unit level, oleh tingkat ketergantungan pasien yang tinggi,
interaksi dengan keluarga pasien dan sistem Elektronik Rekam Medis (ERM) yang
belum optimal, pada task level oleh
keterbatasan sarana, interaksi dengan keluarga pasien dan jenis tugas. Pada clinician level, beban kerja disebabkan
oleh keterbatasan sarana prasarana, kondisi pasien dan interaksi dengan
keluarga pasien. Meskipun beban kerja pada patient
level rendah, akan tetapi penggunaan ERM, keterbatasan saranan prasarana
dan interaksi dengan keluarga pasien dapat meningkatkan beban kerja.
Background: The workload of health workers adversely affected the process of
patient care, causing fatigue, absenteeism, and reducing the quality of
service. The classification of nurse workload included unit-level, task-level,
patient-level, and clinician-level.
Objective: Analyzed and found the
relationship of nurses' workload based on the characteristics of service units
at H. Hanafie Muara Bungo Hospital, Jambi Province.
Methods: A mixed method with a sequential explanatory strategy was used.
Quantitative samples amounted to 50 nurses selected by proportional random
sampling, and qualitative informants amounted to 13 respondents selected by
purposive sampling. Data were collected through workload questionnaires,
observation sheets, and interviews.
Results: Nurse
characteristics (age, gender, tenure, education, and training) were not
significantly associated with workload. Service unit characteristics, however,
had a significant relationship with workload. At the unit level, task level,
and clinician level, many respondents reported high workload, while at the
patient level, there was no statistically significant relationship between
workload and nurses. Statistically, nurses' workload tended to be low. The
interview results identified various factors causing workload in each service
unit.
Conclusion: Service unit
characteristics affected nurses' workload. At the unit level, the high level of
patient dependence, interaction with the patient's family, and the suboptimal
Electronic Medical Record (ERM) system increased the workload. At the task
level, limited facilities, interaction with the patient's family, and the type
of task contributed to the workload. At the clinician level, workload was
caused by limited infrastructure, patient conditions, and interactions with
patient families. Although the workload at the patient level was low, the use
of ERM, limited infrastructure, and interaction with the patient's family could
increase the workload.
Kata Kunci : Beban kerja, Karakteristik perawat, Unit level, Task level, Patient level dan Clinician level.