Evaluasi Dampak Pemilikan Tanah melalui Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) terhadap Nilai Tanah di Provinsi Bengkulu

Erdi Bagus Yuniawan, Eny Sulistyaningrum, S.E., M.A., Ph.D.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ek.Pembangunan

Pengelolaan sumber daya agraria merupakan aspek penting dalam upaya untuk mencapai kemakmuran rakyat. Sebagai perwujudan amanat konstitusi, reforma agraria hadir untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dan sengketa pertanahan melalui salah satu program di bawah cakupan Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional yakni Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL). Meskipun implementasi PTSL berhasil mengakselerasi capaian tanah terdaftar hingga 71,51 persen dari total seluruh tanah di Indonesia, faktanya belum terdapat studi empiris terkait dampak PTSL terhadap cakupan outcome dalam transmisi menuju cita-cita reforma agraria. Selain itu, masih ditemukan anomali serta literatur gap berkaitan dengan dampak sertifikasi tanah. Alat analisis propensity score matching (PSM) digunakan untuk mengestimasi besaran dampak program PTSL terhadap nilai tanah setelah implementasi pada bidang tanah yang memperoleh program di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Provinsi Bengkulu. Dalam mengestimasi dampak, digunakan algoritma pencocokan nearest neighbor with replacement yang memiliki ketahanan (robustness) yang baik serta memenuhi kriteria uji sensitivitas terhadap bias tersembunyi maupun uji kualitas pencocokan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian program PTSL pada kelompok treatment berhasil meningkatkan nilai tanah sebesar 24,2 poin persentase dibandingkan dengan bidang tanah yang tidak memperoleh program.

Management of agrarian resources is an important aspect in efforts to achieve social welfare. As an embodiment of the constitutional mandate, agrarian reform exists to resolve land problems and disputes through one of the programs under the scope of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency, namely Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL). Even though the implementation of PTSL has succeeded in accelerating the achievement of registered land to 71.51% of the total land in Indonesia, in fact there has been no empirical study regarding the impact of PTSL on the scope of outcomes in transmission towards the ideals of agrarian reform. Apart from that, there are still anomalies and gaps in the literature related to the impact of land certification. The propensity score matching (PSM) analysis tool is used to estimate the magnitude of the impact of the PTSL program on land values after implementation on land plots that received the program in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. In estimating the impact, this study uses a nearest neighbor with replacement matching algorithm which has good robustness and meets the criteria for sensitivity tests against hidden bias and matching quality tests. The research results showed that providing the PTSL program to the treatment group succeeded in increasing land value by 24.2 percentage points compared to plots of land that did not receive the program.

Kata Kunci : reforma agraria, PTSL, nilai tanah, evaluasi dampak, PSM