Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Psikologis Dasar Anak di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas II Yogyakarta

Irfanul Haq Al Mujaddidi, Theresia Novi Poespita Candra, S.Psi., M.Si., Ph.D., Psikolog

2024 | Skripsi | PSIKOLOGI

Anak berkonflik dengan hukum (ABH) sering kali terpaksa di masukkan ke dalam lembaga pembinaan khusus anak (LPKA). Meskipun begitu, pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar psikologis mereka tetap harus terpenuhi. Kebutuhan ini mencangkup Attachment (Ikatan dengan orang di sekitar), Control/Orientation (kontrol dan persepsi akan keadaan sekitar), Pleasure/pain (mendapatkan kenikmatan dan menjauhi rasa sakit),  dan Self-Esteem (peningkatan serta perlindungan harga diri). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat usaha serta kepuasan pemenuhan kebutuhan psikologis dasar di LPKA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengambil  lima orang responden, yaitu ANF (18), IS (15), MKF (18), RAP (17), dan AY (54) sebagai perwakilan LPKA. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara semi terstruktur. Analisis data penelitian bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pihak LPKA mempunyai berbagai macam usaha dan program untuk memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis dasar anak. Reaksi ABH sendiri baik pada aspek Attachment, pleasure/Pain, dan Self -esteem. meskipun ada beberapa yang merasa kurang puas pada aspek Control/Orientation. Secara keseluruhan usaha dan reaksi anak dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan psikologis anak ini terbilang baik.

Children in conflict with the law are often required to be placed in Child Special Development Institute. However, their basic psychological needs still need to be fulfilled. These needs include Attachment (bonding with people around them), Control/Orientation (control and perception of their surroundings), Pleasure/pain (seeking pleasure and avoiding pain), and Self-Esteem (enhancement and protection of self-worth). This study aims to examine the efforts and satisfaction in meeting the basic psychological needs in Child Special Development Institute. This is a qualitative study involving five respondents: ANF (18), IS (15), MKF (18), RAP (17), and AY (54) representing Child Special Development Institute. Data collection method involves semi-structured interviews. Data analysis is descriptive. The results show that Child Special Development Institutes has various efforts and programs to meet the basic psychological needs of children. Children reactions are positive in terms of Attachment, Pleasure/Pain, and Self-Esteem, although some are less satisfied with Control/Orientation. Overall, the efforts and reactions of children in meeting their psychological needs are considered good.

Kata Kunci : Kebutuhan Psikologis Dasar, Anak berkonflik dengan hukum, Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak/ Basic Psychological Needs, Children in conflict with the law, Child Special Development Institute