Pengaruh Eco Enzyme Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus) terhadap Penghambatan Pembentukan Biofilm Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (Kajian In Vitro)

RANIA BANURISYA, Prof. drg. Tetiana Haniastuti, M.Kes, Ph.D; drg. Vincensia Maria Karina, MDSc., Sp.Perio(K)

2023 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Periodontitis apikalis sering kali disebabkan oleh kegagalan perawatan saluran akar karena persistensi bakteri di dalam saluran akar akibat irigasi yang kurang adekuat. Enterococcus faecalis merupakan bakteri utama penyebab kegagalan perawatan saluran akar yang disertai periodontitis apikalis. Enterococcus faecalis memiliki faktor virulensi lipoteichoic acid (LTA) dan enterococcal surface protein (ESP) yang berperan dalam adhesi dan pembentukan biofilm E. faecalis di dalam saluran akar. Eco enzyme kulit nanas mengandung zat aktif yang berfungsi sebagai agen antiadhesi maupun antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh eco enzyme kulit nanas terhadap penghambatan pembentukan biofilm E. faecalis.

Uji penghambatan pembentukan biofilm bakteri E. faecalis ATCC 29212 dilakukan menggunakan 96-well microplate. Kelompok uji pada penelitian ini yaitu kontrol positif (NaOCl 2,5%), kontrol negatif (phosphate buffer saline), serta variasi konsentrasi eco enzyme kulit nanas 41,67%, 20,83%, 10,42%, dan 5,21%. Setelah inkubasi selama 24 jam, biofilm diberi pewarnaan crystal violet 0,1%. Optical density diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 450 nm.

Uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar seluruh kelompok uji penghambatan pembentukan biofilm E. faecalis. Uji LSD menunjukkan eco enzyme kulit nanas dengan konsentrasi 41,67%, 20,83%, dan 10,42% mempunyai efektivitas yang setara dengan NaOCl 2,5% terhadap penghambatan pembentukan biofilm E. faecalis. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah eco enzyme kulit nanas mampu menghambat pembentukan biofilm bakteri E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Eco enzyme kulit nanas 10,42% direkomendasikan untuk diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai alternatif bahan larutan irigasi saluran akar.

Apical periodontitis is related to the failure of endodontic treatment due to the bacterial persistence in the root canal from inadequate irrigation. Enterococcus faecalis has been isolated from many cases of failed endodontic treatment with persistent apical periodontitis. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and enterococcal surface protein (ESP) play a key role in E. faecalis adhesion and biofilm formation in the root canal. Pineapple peel eco enzyme contains active substances that may act as anti-adhesion and antibacterial substances. This study aimed to determine the effect of pineapple peel eco enzyme on the inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm formation.

A biofilm formation inhibition test was carried out using a 96-well microplate. Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was incubated with various concentrations of pineapple peel eco enzyme (41.67%, 20.83%, 10.42%, and 5.21%), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite as a positive control as well as phosphate buffer saline as a negative control. After incubation for 24 hours, the biofilm was stained with 0.1% crystal violet. The optical density was then measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 450 nm.

One-way ANOVA test showed significant differences on the inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm formation among the groups. The result of the LSD test showed that 41.67%, 20.83%, and 10.42% pineapple peel eco enzyme had similar effectiveness in inhibiting E. faecalis biofilm formation compared to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. In conclusion, pineapple peel eco enzyme has the effect of inhibiting E. faecalis ATCC 29212 biofilm formation. Pineapple peel eco enzyme with 10.42% concentration is recommended for further research as an alternative material for root canal irrigation solution.

Kata Kunci : Enterococcus faecalis, eco enzyme kulit nanas, penghambatan pembentukan biofilm