Analisis Kebutuhan dan Desain Model Management Inventory System Apotek

Karmelia Intany Doko, Prof. Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes. ; dr. Lutfan Lazuardi, M.Kes., Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Latar Belakang: Salah satu standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek adalah pengelolaan obat dan dapat dijadikan indikator mutu pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek. Sistem informasi merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung efektivitas dan efisiensi pengelolaan obat. Sistem informasi manajemen (SIM) saat ini terbatas pada pencatatan dan pelaporan proses operasional yang ada di apotek dan belum ada fitur tambahan dalam pengelolaan obat di apotek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan sistem dan merancang model sistem informasi pengendalian persediaan berdasarkan kebutuhan user.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang meliputi tiga tahapan, yaitu: analisis kebutuhan pengguna, pengembangan model sistem informasi manajemen, dan pembuatan prototype dan evaluasi. Tahap pertama menggunakan metode User-Centered Design (UCD) dengan melakukan focus group discuccion (FGD) dan observasi. Prototype didesain dapat berinteraksi langsung ke pengguna untuk dapat dilakukan evaluasi. Jumlah responden yang terlibat pada tahap analisis kebutuhan dilakukan dengan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini melibatkan apoteker yang bekerja di apotek mandiri yang berlokasi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dan dilakukan mulai bulan September 2022 hingga Agustus 2023. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan sistem dan deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengukur kepuasan pelanggan terhadap prototype yang telah dibuat.

Hasil: Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototype Management Inventory System yang memiliki fungsi sebagai dashboard kinerja pengelolaan obat untuk apoteker di apotek prototype berbasis HTML yang dilengkapi dengan data flow diagram (DFD) dan entity relationship diagram (ERD) sebagai pemodelan proses dan data. Hasil evaluasi usability testing terhadap prototype menemukan bahwa prototype yang sudah dibuat dapat diterima dan dapat digunakan untuk keperluan pengelolaan obat dengan nilai kepuasan dan kenyamanan 3,1 yang tergolong baik. Perlu dilakukan evaluasi sistem menggunakan data yang nyata dan dilakukan pengembangan prototype ke aspek klinis yang dilakukan di apotek agar dengan satu sistem mencakup aspek manajerial dan klinis. Pada akhirnya, mutu pelayanan farmasi di apotek dapat ditingkatkan.

Background: One of the pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies is drug management and can be used as an indicator of the quality of pharmaceutical services in pharmacies. Even though the minimum standards for pharmacy services in pharmacies have been determined, in reality, the quality of management in some pharmacies is not optimal. The information system is one ofthe factors supporting the effectiveness and efficiency of drug management. The management information system (MIS) is currently limited to recording and reporting operationa processes in pharmacies and there are no additional features in drug management in pharmacies. This study aimed to analyze system requirements and design an inventory control information system model based on user needs to make it easier for pharmacist to manage and monitor drug managemnt performance.

Method: This research is a descriptive research with a case study approach which includes three stages, namely: analysis of user needs, development of a management information system model, and making prototypes and evaluation. The first stage uses the User-Centered Design (UCD) method by conducting focus group discuccions (FGD) and observing. the prototype is designed to be able to interact directly with the user for evaluation. The number of respondents involved in the need analysis stage was carried out by purposive sampling. This research involved pharmacists who work in independent pharmacies located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and was conducted from September 2022 to August 2023. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive qualitative to identify system requirements and descriptive quantitative to measure costumer satisfaction with the prototype that has been made.

Result: This research resulted in a Management Inventory System prototype that h as a function as a drug management performance dahsboard for pharmacists in HTML-based prototype pharmacies equipped with data flow diagram (DFD) and entity relationship diagrams (ERD) as process and data modeling. The result of the evaluation of usability testin gon the prototype found that the prototype that had been made was acceptable and could be used for drug management purposes with a satisfaction and comfort score of 3.1 which was classified as good. It is necessary to evaluate the system using real data and develop prototypes to clinical aspects carried out in pharmacies so that one system includes managerial and clinical aspects. In the end, the quality of pharmaceutical services in pharmacies can be improved.

Kata Kunci : prototype, sistem informasi pengelolaan obat, apotek