The Expansion of Pretrial and its Potentials in The Bill of Criminal Procedural Code Pertaining to The Right to Fair Trial

Queenta Qatrunada Roest, Devita Kartika Putri, S.H., LL.M.

2023 | Skripsi | ILMU HUKUM

Hak atas peradilan yang adil merupakan unsur penting yang harus dijunjun gtinggi dalam rangka menghormati hak asasi individu, khususnya di hadapan hukum. Peran praperadilan mempunyai tujuan utama untuk melindungi hak-hak tersangka dan memulihkan hak-hak yang dilanggar. Hal ini penting untuk melindungi hak-hak individu yang dituduh, mencengah pelanggaran, dan memastikan bahwa proses hukum dilakukan dengan cara yang adil dan setara. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 telah memperluas cakupan praperadilan untuk menjamin perlindungan lebih lanjut terhadap hak-hak tersangka, dan seiring dengan proses perubahan KUHAP, penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk memahami implikasi dari perluasan tersebut dan apakah RUU KUHAP versi 2012 telah menerapkan prinsip hak atas peradilan yang adil.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris dalam penelitian hukum. Metodologi penelitian hukum ini memadukan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan, dengan menggunakan data primer yang dilengkapi dengan data sekunder dengan penekanan khusus pada studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan ini melibatkan pengumpulan dan peninjauan secara sistematis bahan pustaka atau studi dokumen yang berkaitan dengan praperadilan. Penelitian hukum ini juga memanfaatkan data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pihak-pihak yang berkompeten dan familiar menangani perkara praperadilan yaitu hakim dan pengacara.

Berdasarkan penilaian hasil penelitian, terdapat implikasi negatif dan positif pasca perluasan objek praperadilan yang diputuskan melalui putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 khususnya tentang penetapan tersangka. Lebih lanjut, RUU KUHAP semakin memperluas objek praperadilan dan memperkenalkan sistem baru hakim pemeriksa pendahuluan yang berwenang menilai tahapan penangkapan, penahanan, penggeledahan, penyitaan, dan penyadapan guna meningkatkan perlindungan hak-hak tersangka dan menjunjung tinggi prinsip hak atas peradilan yang adil yang mengakomodasi implikasi negatif dari perluasan objek praperadilan.

Right to fair trial is an important element that must be upheld in order to respect individual's human rights, especially in the face of law. The role of pretrial has the main objective of protecting the rights of suspects and restoring rights that have been violated. They are essential for protecting the rights of accused individuals, preventing abuses, and ensuring that legal proceedings are conducted in a just and equitable manner. Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 has expanded the scope of pretrial to ensure further protection to suspect rights, and as the Criminal Procedural Code is going through an amendment process, this legal research aims to understand the implication of such expansion and whether the 2012 version of bill of Criminal Procedural Code has implement the principle of right to fair trial.

This study employs a normative-empirical approach to legal research. This legal research methodology integrates literature research and field research, utilizing primary data supplemented by secondary data with a specific emphasis on library studies. The approach involves the systematic collection and review of library materials or document studies pertaining to pretrial. This legal research also utilized the data that was obtained through interviews to the parties whom are in their competence and familiar in dealing with pretrial cases, which are judges and lawyers.

Based on the assessment of the results obtained from the research, there are negative and positive implications post the pretrial objects expansion that was decided through the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 especially regarding the determination of suspect. Further, the bill of Criminal Procedural Code has further expanded the objects of pretrial and introduces a new system of preliminary examining judge which would have the authority of assessing the stages of arrest, detention, searches, confiscation, and wiretapping in order to enhance the protection of suspect's right and uphold the principle of right to a fair trial which accomodate the negative implication from the expansion of pretrial objects.

Kata Kunci : Pretrial, Right to Fair Trial, Bill of Criminal Procedural Code