Analisis Tahapan Hero's Journey daalam Roman Courtois "Belle-Belle ou le Chevalier Fortuné" karya Madame Catherine d'Aulnoy

Vincentia Bonita Malok, Dr. Arifah Arum Candra, S.S., M.A.

2023 | Skripsi | SASTRA PERANCIS

Penelitian ini menganalisis tahapan petualangan ksatria yang dilalui oleh tokoh utama bernama Belle-Belle/Fortuné dalam dongeng Belle-Belle ou le Chevalier Fortuné karya Madame Catherine d'Aulnoy. Teori Hero's Journey Christopher Vogler digunakan untuk mengkategorisasikan setiap plot cerita ke dalam 12 tahapan petualangan yang dilalui oleh ksatria perempuan yang menyamar sebagai laki-laki melalui tindakan cross-dressing. Oleh karena itu, selama menyamar sebagai ksatria, ia mengalami pergolakan identitas yang cukup signifikan sehingga akan diketahui pada saat apa Belle-Belle/Fortuné mengalami konflik batin mengenai identitasnya dan bagaimana ia mampu mengatasi permasalahan tersebut sepanjang cerita berlangsung. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan deskripsi tindakan serta dialog tokoh. Kisah perjalanan Belle-Belle/Fortuné sebagai perempuan biasa kemudian mengemban misi menjadi ksatria melalui penyamarannya sebagai laki-laki, mempunyai arketip petualangan pahlawan yang seringkali dijumpai dalam berbagai mitos serta legenda.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat diketahui bahwa penelitian ini tidak hanya sekedar mengkategorisasikan tahapan petualangan ksatria yang dilalui oleh sang tokoh utama. Tetapi juga mengkaji beberapa tema besar seperti perang serta konsekuensi yang terjadi pasca peperangan di Abad Pertengahan, sistem pembayaran pajak yang ditebus melalui pelayanan militer selama masa feodal serta metode eksekusi mati yang populer di abad tersebut. Kemudian, situasi sosial masyarakat berdasarkan latar waktu dari kisah yang diambil oleh pengarang terbukti mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap dampak pergolakan identitas yang dialami sang tokoh utama selama kisah berlangsung.

This research aims to analyze the stages of knight's quest that has been through by the main character named Belle-Belle/Fortuné in the fairy tale Belle-Belle ou le Chevalier Fortuné by Madame Catherine d'Aulnoy. Christopher Vogler's theory of Hero's Journey used to categorized each plot of the story into 12 stages of journey that has been through by a female knight who disguised as a man through the act of cross-dressing. Therefore, while disguising as a knight, she went through a quite significant identity upheaval, hence it can be known when do Belle-Belle/Fortuné experienced inner conflict regarding her identity and how does she manage to overcome the situation along the story. Data was done by collecting the descriptions of act as well as character dialogues. Belle-Belle/Fortuné's journey as an ordinary girl then embark on a quest of being a knight through disguise as a man based on the archetype of hero's journey that oftenly found in various myth and legends. 

The result of these analyses shows that this research is not only categorized the stages of hero's journey that has been through by the main character. But, examine as well some of the important theme such as war including the consequences of post-war in Medieval Ages, tax payment system redeemed through military service during the feudal era, and the execution method that was popular in that century. Afterwards, the socio-cultural situation of society based on the author's plot of this story has proved that it has a quite significant effect towards the identity upheaval that the main character went through along the story.

Kata Kunci : Madame d’Aulnoy, Belle belle ou le Chevalier Fortuné, Hero’s Journey, Pergolakan Identitas