Perbedaan Komposisi Tubuh dan Somatotype pada Karateka Sabuk Hitam Junior dan Senior di Yogyakarta

Mahendra Priya Adhi Kusuma, dr. Junaedy Yunus, M.Sc., Ph.D

2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar Belakang: Karate merupakan salah satu olahraga beladiri dari Jepang paling populer yang telah dipraktekkan secara luas baik di Jepang sendiri maupun di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Karate sebagai suatu aktifitas fisik/olahraga bila dilakukan secara benar, teratur dan berkelanjutan dapat mengubah tubuh menjadi lebih baik dalam hal komposisi tubuh dan somatotype. Bila dibandingkan antara karateka usia muda dan usia tua dengan frekuensi latihan yang sama akan memiliki efek yang berbeda pada komposisi tubuh dan somatotype-nya. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan komposisi tubuh dan somatotype antara karateka sabuk hitam junior dan senior. Metode: Sebanyak 30 subyek karateka sabuk hitam dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: Grup1(KJ) – karateka sabuk hitam junior (n=15), dan Grup2(KS) – karateka sabuk hitam senior (n=15). Karakteristik antropometris pada kedua kelompok diukur, kemudian dihitung dengan formula Peterson dan Heath-Carter untuk mendapatkan komposisi tubuh berupa % FM, FM, FFM serta somatotype. Uji Shapiro-Wilk digunakan untuk menentukan normalitas data karakteristik antropometris dan uji Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan bermakna antara komposisi tubuh dan somatotype kedua jelompok. Hasil Penelitian: Didapatkan nilai mean untuk % FM Grup1(KJ) = 14,104 %,yang lebih rendah nilainya dibanding Grup2(KS) = 17,154. Hasil uji statistik Mann- Whitney untuk %FM kedua kelompok penelitian didapatkan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2- tailed) <0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>0,05, berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada somatotype antara kedua kelompok penelitian. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada komposisi tubuh antara kedua kelompok dan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada somatotype antara kedua kelompok.

Background: Karate is one of the most popular martial arts from Japan, which has been widely practiced both in Japan itself and throughout the world including Indonesia. Karate as a physical activity/sport if done correctly, regularly and sustainably can change the body for the better in terms of body composition and somatotype. When compared between young and old karateka with the same frequency of practice, it will have a different effect on body composition and somatotype. Objective: This study aims to determine differences in body composition and somatotype between junior and senior black belt karateka. Methods: A total of 30 black belt karate subjects were divided into two groups: Group1(KJ) – junior black belt karate (n=15), and Group2(KS) – senior black belt karate (n=15). Anthropometric characteristics in both groups were measured, and then calculated with the Peterson and Heath-Carter formulas to obtain body composition in the form of %FM, FM, FFM and somatotype. The Shapiro-Wilk test used to determine the normality of data on anthropometric characteristics and the Mann-Whitney test used to determine whether there were significant differences between body composition and somatotype of the two groups. Results: From the descriptive analysis, mean value for %FM Group1(KJ) = 14.104 %, which is lower than Group2(KS) = 17.154. From the Mann-Whitney statistical test for % FM of the two groups, the Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed) <0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>0.05, which means that there is no significant difference in somatotype between the two study groups. Conclusions: There were significant differences in body composition between the two groups and no significant differences in somatotype between the two groups.

Kata Kunci : komposisi tubuh, somatotype, karate, junior, senior, body composition, somatotype, karate, junior, senior