Efek Ekstrak Batang dan Kulit Bajakah Kalalawit Merah (Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roch.) terhadap Pembentukan Biofilm dan Integritas Membran Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Secara In Vitro

Avinda Sari Kanthi Rahayu, Dr. dr. Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, M.Kes, Sp.PD; dr. Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, M.Sc. Ph.D

2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

INTISARI

Latar belakang: Resistensi antimikroba (AMR) berdampak terhadap tingginya biaya medis dan kematian serta menjadi permasalahan serius di dunia. Peningkatan sifat virulensi Streptococcus mutans (kariogenik) menyebabkan bakteri tersebut terlibat dalam munculnya penyakit sistemik. Penggunaan antibakteri saat ini masih dinilai kurang efektif, sehingga perlu eksplorasi antibakteri bahan alam yang potensial. Salah satu bahan alam tersebut yaitu bajakah kalalawit merah (Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roch.) yang teridentifikasi memiliki fitokimia antibakteri.

Tujuan Penelitian: Efek antibakteri ekstrak batang dan kulit U. acida (Hunter) Roch. terhadap penghambatan pembentukan biofilm, aktivitas enzim glukosiltransferase (GTF), integritas membran, dan asidogenesis S. mutans ATCC 25175.

Metode: Ekstrak dibuat secara maserasi menggunakan solvent etanol 70% pada suhu ruang. Identifikasi fitokimia secara kualitatif dengan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Pengujian antibakteri terhadap penghambatan pembentukan biofilm, aktivitas GTF, integritas membran, dan asidogenesis S. mutans ATCC 25175 secara keseluruhan menggunakan metode dilusi cair secara In vitro dengan intervensi ekstrak ½KHM90 1,07% b/v, 1KHM90 2,14% b/v, 2KHM90 4,28% b/v dan kontrol pembanding klorheksidin 0,2%. 

Hasil Penelitian: Ekstrak batang dan kulit U. acida (Hunter) Roch. memiliki kandungan fitokimia tanin, flavonoid, lakton, eugenol, saponin dan alkaloid. Nilai KHM90 U. acida (Hunter) Roch. terhadap S. mutans yaitu 2,14% b/v. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan semua perlakuan secara signifikan memiliki aktivitas penghambatan pembentukan biofilm dan aktivitas enzim GTF lebih rendah dibanding klorheksidin (p<0>

Kesimpulan: Ekstrak batang dan kulit U. acida (Hunter) Roch. mampu menghambat S. mutans ATCC 25175 kemungkinan dalam mempengaruhi permeabilitas atau destruksi membran dan penghambatan asidogenesis lebih kuat dibanding klorheksidin, sedangkan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm dan enzim glukosiltranferase (GTF) lebih lemah dibanding klorheksidin secara in vitro. 

Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roch., antibakteri, Streptococcus mutans, in vitro, dilusi cair

ABSTRACT

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has led to high medical costs and deaths, and is a serious problem worldwide. The increased virulence of Streptococcus mutans (karyogenic) causes the bacterium to be involved in the emergence of systemic diseases. Antibacterial agents are currently considered less effective; therefore, it is necessary to explore potential natural antibacterial materials. One such natural material is bajakah kalalawit merah (Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roch.), which were identified to contain antibacterial phytochemicals.

Objectives: Antibacterial effect of U. acida (Hunter) Roch. stem and bark extract against inhibition of biofilm formation, glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme activity, membrane integrity, and acidogenesis of S. mutans ATCC 25175.

Methods: Extract was macerated using 70% ethanol at room temperature. Qualitative phytochemical identification using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antibacterial testing of inhibition of biofilm formation, GTF activity, membrane integrity, and acidogenesis of S. mutans as a whole using liquid dilution method in vitro with intervention of 1/2KHM90 extract 1,07% w/v, 1KHM90 2,14% w/v, 2KHM90 4,28% w/v, and control of chlorhexidine 0,2%.

Results: U. acida (Hunter) Roch. stem and bark extract contains phytochemicals tannins, flavonoids, lactones, eugenol, saponins and alkaloids. Value of KHM90 U. acida (Hunter) Roch. against  S. mutans was 2,14% w/v. The test results showed that all treatments had significantly lower inhibitory activity on biofilm formation and GTF enzyme activity than chlorhexidine (p<0>

Conclusion: U. acida (Hunter) Roch. stem and bark extract is able to inhibit S. mutans ATCC 25175 possibly in influencing membrane permeability or destruction and inhibition of acidogenesis is stronger than chlorhexidine, while inhibition of biofilm formation and glucosyltranferase (GTF) enzyme is weaker than chlorhexidine in vitro. 

Keywords: Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roch., antibacterial, Streptococcus mutans, in vitro, liquid dilution.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Uncaria acida (Hunter) Roch., antibakteri, Streptococcus mutans, in vitro, dilusi