Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (Elais guineensis) After Fungal Pretreatment
Maria Angela Putri Rahardja, Dr.Ria Millati, S.T.,M.T ; Rachma Wikandari, S.TP., M.Biotech.,Ph.D ; Prof. Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
2023 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI PANGAN & HASIL PERTANIAN
Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), residu lignoselulosa yang dihasilkan oleh industri kelapa sawit, menimbulkan tantangan lingkungan karena komposisinya yang kompleks. Digesti anaerobik kering (Dry-AD) adalah salah satu pendekatan untuk mengolah residu TKKS dan mempromosikan produksi biogas sebagai energi terbarukan. Dikombinasikan dengan pretreatment jamur menggunakan P. floridanus, komponen lignoselulosa dapat terdegradasi, dan aksesibilitas substrat dapat ditingkatkan. Parameter kunci seperti total padatan (13%TS dan 21%TS), komposisi substrat (50% TKKS dan 100% TKKS), dan waktu inkubasi pretreatment (21 hari dan 68 hari) merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan hasil biogas. Setelah 63 hari Dry-AD, hasil menunjukkan bahwa P. ostreatus yang diinkubasi selama 68 hari efektif meningkatkan biodegradabilitas TKKS, terbukti dengan peningkatan produksi metana selama proses Dry-AD. Rende metana tertinggi diperoleh pada TS 21% yang memberikan rendemen metana sebesar 155,848 mL CH4/g VS dengan peningkatan sebesar 10,25?n rasio rendemen meningkat dari 57,13% menjadi 70,42% jika dibandingkan dengan TKKS tanpa perlakuan. Selain itu, pre-treatment jamur juga menyebabkan penurunan kandungan lignin TKKS yang mengindikasikan kerusakan struktur lignoselulosa kompleks oleh enzim jamur. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk mengoptimalkan kondisi pretreatment dan Dry-AD.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), a lignocellulosic residue generated by oil palm industry, poses environmental challenges due to its complex composition. Dry anaerobic digestion (Dry-AD) is one of the approaches to treat OPEFB residue and promote biogas production as renewable energy. Combined with fungal pretreatment using P. floridanus, the lignocellulosic components can be degraded, and substrate accessibility can be increased. Key parameters such as total solids (13%TS and 21%TS), substrates composition (50%OPEFB and 100%OPEFB), and incubation time pretreatment (21 days and 68 days) are factors that influenced the enhancement of biogas yield. After 63 days of Dry-AD, the results indicated that P. ostreatus incubated for 68 days effectively improved the biodegradability of EFBs, as evidenced by the increased methane production during Dry-AD process. The highest methane yield was obtained at 21% TS which gave a methane yield of 155,848 mL CH4/ g VS with 10,25% enhancement and ratio yield increase from 57,13% to 70,42% when compared to untreated OPEFB. Moreover, the fungal pretreatment also led to a reduction in the lignin content of OPEFB, indicating the breakdown of complex in lignocellulosic structures by the fungal enzymes. Further research is recommended to optimize the pretreatment and dry anaerobic digestion conditions.
Kata Kunci : oil palm empty fruit bunch, dry anaerobic digestion, P. ostreatus, methane production, total solids
