The Shifting Paradigm of Environmental Crimes in Indonesia in Environmental Justice

ANISA A ANGELIA, Muhammad Fatahillah Akbar, S.H., LL.M.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

Pengesahan Perpu Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 menuai banyak reaksi publik dikarenakan ketentuan yang diduga pro-bisnis yang menggantikan atau merevisi peraturan dari berbagai sektor, termasuk sektor lingkungan hidup. Hal ini terlihat pada penghapusan hukuman pidana dan pemudahan kegiatan usaha melalui penyederhanaan izin lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisa perubahan peraturan pidana lingkungan sebelumnya dari perspektif keadilan lingkungan dan mengusulkan tindakan ideal untuk memerangi kejahatan lingkungan sesuai dengan keadilan lingkungan. Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif terhadap undang-undang yang ada tentang kejahatan lingkungan serta literatur tentang keadilan lingkungan untuk menganalisa keterkaitan perubahan tersebut terhadap keadilan lingkungan. Kesamaan yang ditemukan dalam literatur dan undang-undang asing akan disimpulkan menjadi karakteristik keadilan lingkungan. Karakteristik tersebut kemudian akan digunakan untuk mengukur keterkaitan perubahan dan menyusun karakteristik peraturan lingkungan yang ideal menurut keadilan lingkungan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perubahan keadilan lingkungan Indonesia dalam penanganan kejahatan lingkungan menyimpang dari keadilan lingkungan. Penghapusan Pasal 102 dalam Perpu No. 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja perihal pembuangan limbah B3 sebagai tindak pidana lingkungan menunjukkan kemunduran tersebut. Dalam membangun peraturan perundang-undangan lingkungan yang sejalan dengan keadilan lingkungan, ada beberapa karakteristik yang harus diperhatikan yang mencakup berbagai aspek sistem keadilan, seperti hak partisipasi publik yang harus bermakna dan tata cara menangani akibat dari kejahatan lingkungan untuk memastikan keadilan yang layak, keadilan bagi para korban, manuasia dan non-manusia.

The enactment of Government Regulation No. 2 Year 2022 in Lieu of Law No. 11 Year 2020, has received a lot of public backlash due to its allegedly pro-business provisions which replace or revise a lot of laws of various sectors, including the environmental sector. Such can be seen reflected in the deletion of criminal threats and the easement of the business execution through the simplification of permits in regard to the environment. This research analyses the changes made from the previous environmental criminal provisions from the perspective of environmental justice and proposes ideal measures to be taken in fighting against environmental offences in accordance to environmental justice. This legal research employs a normative approach on existing legislation on environmental crimes as well as literatures on environmental justice to analyse the relatability of such change towards environmental justice. Similarities found in literatures and foreign legislations will be concluded into contemporary thresholds of environmental justice. Such thresholds will then be used to measure the relatability of the change and construct characteristics of an ideal environmental legislation according to environmental justice. This research concludes that the change in the Indonesian environmental justice further strays the handling of environmental crimes from environmental justice. The removal of Art. 102 in Government Regulation No. 2 Year 2022 regarding illegal dumping of hazardous waste from being an environmental crime displays such setback. In constructing an ideal environmental legislation in line with environmental justice, there are some characteristics that must be kept in mind that encompasses various aspects of the legal system such as public participatory right that must be meaningful and addressing the aftermath of the environmental crime to ensure proper justice to the victim, human and non-human.

Kata Kunci : Environmental Justice, Environmental Law, Criminal Sanctioning, Job Creation Law, Environmental Offence