Kesadaran dan Perilaku Pencegahan Kanker pada Masyarakat di Desa Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta: Pendekatan Mixed Methods

LUTFIASIH RAHMAWATI, Dr. Christantie Effendy, S.Kp., M.Kes.; Dr. Wiwin Lismidiati, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Mat.

2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Dinas Kesehatan Yogyakarta telah melakukan berbagai cara untuk mencegah meningkatnya angka kanker, namun animo masyarakat untuk melakukan pencegahan seperti deteksi dini masih rendah. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesadaran kanker dalam melakukan pencegahan kanker pada masyarakat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed methods dengan pendekatan sekuensial eksplanatori. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2021 - Maret 2022 dengan jumlah responden 270 yang mengisi kuesioner dan 5 yang dilakukan indepth interview. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua warga usia >19 tahun di Desa Banyuraden, Kecamatan Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan multistages sampling dan purposive sampling untuk wawancara. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM), perilaku pencegahan kanker, karakteristik demografi, dan panduan wawancara. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan Pearson dan Spearman rank, analisis kualitatif menggunakan content analysis. Hasil: Mayoritas responden penelitian ini adalah perempuan (85,6%). Rata-rata kesadaran kanker sebesar 68,63 (SD±9,23) dan perilaku pencegahan kanker dengan rata-rata 48,46 (SD±3,38). Hasil wawancara mengidentifikasi kesadaran pencegahan kanker tergambar dalam 6 tema yaitu memiliki pengetahuan kanker secara umum (pengetahuan tentang kanker, persepsi tentang kanker, dan cara mencegah kanker), menyadari pentingnya melakukan pencegahan kanker, adanya upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah kanker, kesadaran tentang kanker dan penanganannya, adanya faktor pendukung dalam melakukan perilaku pencegahan kanker, dan adanya faktor penghambat dalam melakukan pencegahan kanker. Kesimpulan: Kesadaran masyarakat terkait pencegahan kanker dan perilaku pencegahan kanker secara umum baik, namun pengetahuan terkait tanda gejala dan porgram skrining kanker masih kurang. Perlunya pendidikan tentang pencegahan kanker secara umum terutama mengenalkan terkait tanda gejala kanker dan program skrining atau deteksi dini kanker kepada masyarakat.

Background: The Yogyakarta Health Office has taken various ways to prevent increasing cancer rates, but public interest in prevention such as early detection is still low. Objective: To know cancer awareness in carrying out cancer prevention in the community. Methods: Mixed methods with an explanatory sequential approach were used in this study. This research was conducted from December 2021 - March 2022 with 270 respondents who filled out a questionnaire and 5 who conducted in-depth interviews. The population in this study were all residents aged >19 years in Banyuraden Village, Gamping District, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The sampling technique in this study was by using multistage sampling and purposive sampling for interviews. The instruments used in this study used the Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM), cancer prevention behaviors, demographic characteristics, and interview guides. Quantitative analysis using Pearson and Spearman rank, qualitative analysis using content analysis. Results: The majority of respondents to this study were women (85.6%). The cancer awareness average was 68.63 (SD±9.23) and cancer prevention behavior was 48.46 (SD±3.38). There was no relationship between cancer awareness and prevention behavior (r=0.095; p=0.120). The results of the interviews identified cancer prevention awareness reflected in 6 themes, namely having general cancer knowledge (knowledge about cancer, perceptions about cancer, and how to prevent cancer), realizing the importance of cancer prevention, efforts being made to prevent cancer, awareness about cancer and its treatment, there are supporting factors in carrying out cancer prevention behaviors, and there are inhibiting factors in carrying out cancer prevention. Conclusion: Public awareness regarding cancer prevention and prevention behavior is generally good, but knowledge regarding signs and symptoms and cancer screening programs is still lacking. The need for education about cancer prevention in general, especially introducing cancer symptoms and screening programs or early detection of cancer to the public.

Kata Kunci : Kesadaran Kanker, Perilaku Pencegahan, Kanker