Hubungan Antara Praktik Nurturing Care Ibu Dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia 0-3 Tahun Selama Pandemi COVID-19

HANIFAH AULIA S, Dr. Fitri Haryanti, S.Kp., M.Kes ; Lely Lusmilasari, S.Kp.,M.Kes.,Ph.D

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Usia 0-3 tahun merupakan periode usia emas atau golden age period yang tepat bagi seluruh aspek perkembangan anak. Domain perkembangan anak meliputi motorik, kognitif, bahasa, dan sosial-emosional. Salah satu faktor yang sangat memengaruhi perkembangan anak adalah praktik nurturing care ibu. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran praktik nurturing care ibu, gambaran perkembangan anak 0-3 tahun, dan hubungan antara praktik nurturing care ibu dengan perkembangan anak usia 0-3 tahun selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2022 di Kalurahan Caturtunggal dan Condongcatur, Yogyakarta dengan melibatkan 68 responden yang diambil melalui metode consecutive sampling. Instrumen Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) dipakai untuk mengukur praktik nurturing care ibu dan Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) untuk mengukur perkembangan anak 0-35 bulan. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Pada 68 responden, praktik nurturing care ibu sebesar 88,23% baik, dan 11,8% buruk. Perkembangan anak 0-3 tahun sebesar 91,1% normal dan 8,9% perhatian. Praktik nurturing care ibu berkorelasi positif dengan perkembangan umum (p=0,001), kognitif (p=0,001), motorik (p=0,007), bahasa (p=0,000), dan sosial-emosional (p=0,000) anak 0-3 tahun selama pandemi COVID-19. Kesimpulan: Lebih dari separuh ibu memiliki praktik nurturing care yang baik dan lebih dari separuh anak 0-3 tahun memiliki perkembangan normal. Terdapat hubungan antara praktik nurturing care ibu dengan keseluruhan perkembangan anak 0-3 tahun selama pandemi COVID-19. Praktik nurturing care ibu yang baik meningkatkan perkembangan normal anak 0-3 tahun.

Background: The age of 0-3 years is the golden age period or the right golden age period for all aspects of child development. The domain of child development includes motor, cognitive, language, and socio-emotional. One of the factors that greatly affect the development of children is the practice of nurturing care of mothers. Objective: Knowing the description of maternal nurturing care practices, descriptions of child development 0-3 years, and the relationship between maternal nurturing care practices and the development of children aged 0-3 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Analytical descriptive research with quantitative approach and cross sectional research design. This research was conducted in June-July 2022 in Caturtunggal and Condongcatur Villages, Yogyakarta involving 68 respondents who were taken through consecutive sampling method. The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) instrument was used to measure the practice of maternal nurturing care and the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) to measure the development of children 0-35 months. Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation test. Results: In 68 respondents, mother's practice of nurturing care was 88.23% good, and 11.8% bad. The development of children 0-3 years 91.1% was normal and 8.9% attention. Mother's nurturing care practice was positively correlated with general development (p=0.001), cognitive (p=0.001), motor (p=0.007), language (p=0.000), and social-emotional (p=0.000) of children 0-3 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: More than half of mothers have good nurturing care practices and more than half of children 0-3 years have normal development. There is a relationship between maternal nurturing care practices and the overall development of children 0-3 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. The practice of good maternal nurturing care enhances the normal development of children 0-3 years.

Kata Kunci : anak usia 0-3 tahun, ibu, pandemi COVID-19, perkembangan, praktik nurturing care