MIGRASI PAKSA PENDUDUK PALESTINA PASCA NAKBAH 1948 DALAM NOVEL MASA`IR: KUNSYIRTU AL-HULUKUST WA AN-NAKBAH KARYA RABAI AL-MADHUN: ANALISIS SASTRA POSKOLONIAL

THALIANAVINDA P S, Dr. Mahmudah, S.S., M.Hum.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA ARAB

Penelitian ini membahas fenomena migrasi yang dilakukan oleh penduduk Palestina pasca Nakbah tahun 1948 dalam novel Masa`ir: Kunsyirtu al-Hulukust wa an-Nakbah karya Rabai al-Madhun. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori sastra poskolonial dengan memanfaatkan konsep migrasi yang berkaitan dengan kajian poskolonial. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui pembacaan objek material secara seksama. Selanjutnya, data-data yang berkaitan dengan masalah penelitian ditandai dan dicatat dalam tabel data. Data-data yang telah dicatat kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan nama tempat tujuan migrasi yang meliputi lokasi geografis, tokoh-tokoh, kondisi yang mereka alami di tempat tersebut, dan hubungan mereka dengan tanah air Palestina. Data-data yang telah diklasifikasikan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep migrasi dalam teori poskolonial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua belas tempat yang menjadi tujuan migrasi para penduduk Palestina pasca Nakbah 1948. Pertama, satu kota di Palestina, yaitu kota Gaza. Mereka yang tinggal di kamp menjalani kehidupan dengan berbagai keterbatasan karena terbatasnya akses komunikasi dan informasi, serta ketidaknyamanan dan ketidakamanan karena berbagai serangan Israel yang datang sewaktu-waktu. Kedua, lima kota bekas Palestina yang telah diklaim Israel, yaitu kota Acre, Haifa, Jaffa, Yerusalem, dan Al-Majdal Asqalan. Mereka yang tinggal di wilayah Israel terpaksa melepas kewarganegaraan Palestina mereka dan berpindah menjadi kewarganegaraan Israel agar mereka tetap dapat menetap di tanah air mereka dan memiliki pekerjaan yang prestisius. Ketiga, tiga negara Arab, yaitu Lebanon, Kuwait, dan Arab Saudi. Mereka yang tinggal di kamp memiliki kehidupan yang sengsara, sementara mereka yang tinggal di rumah sendiri memiliki kehidupan yang sejahtera. Keempat, satu negara Eropa, yaitu Inggris. Mereka yang tinggal di Inggris hidup dengan kekayaan, tetapi tersiksa dengan kerinduan yang mendalam terhadap tanah air. Kelima, dua negara Amerika, yaitu Kanada dan Amerika Serikat. Mereka yang tinggal di negara-negara tersebut hidup dengan bebas, tetapi ada yang berkeinginan untuk kembali ke tanah air dan tidak karena situasi yang kacau dan menegangkan di Gaza. Akan tetapi, di mana pun orang-orang Palestina berada, mereka akan selalu terikat dengan tanah air Palestina, baik melalui bahasa Arab, makanan khas, keotentikan sejarah, maupun kerinduan dan keinginan untuk kembali ke tanah air.

This study discusses the phenomenon of migration carried out by Palestinians after the 1948 Nakba in the novel Masa`ir: Kunsyirtu al-Hulukust wa an-Nakbah by Rabai al-Madhun. The theory used is the theory of postcolonial literature by utilizing the concept of migration related to postcolonial studies. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data is obtained through careful reading of material objects. Furthermore, data related to the research problem is marked and recorded in the data table. The data that has been recorded is then classified based on the name of the destination of the migration which includes geographical location, the characters, the conditions they experience in that place, and their relationship with the Palestinian homeland. The data that has been classified is then analyzed using the concept of migration in postcolonial theory. The results of this study indicate that there were twelve places that became the migration destinations for the Palestinian population after the 1948 Nakba. First, one city in Palestine, namely the city of Gaza. Those who live in the camp live life with various limitations due to limited access to communication and information, as well as discomfort and insecurity due to various Israeli attacks that come from time to time. Second, the five former Palestinian cities that Israel has claimed, namely the cities of Acre, Haifa, Jaffa, Jerusalem, and Al-Majdal Asqalan. Those living in Israel are forced to renounce their Palestinian citizenship and convert to Israeli citizenship so they can remain in their homeland and have prestigious jobs. Third, three Arab countries, namely Lebanon, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Those who live in the camps have a miserable life, while those who live in their own homes have a prosperous life. Fourth, one European country, namely England. Those who live in England live with wealth, but are tormented by a deep homesickness. Fifth, two American countries, namely Canada and the United States. Those living in these countries live freely, but there are those who wish to return to their homeland and not because of the chaotic and tense situation in Gaza. However, wherever Palestinians are, they will always be bound to their homeland, whether through the Arabic language, special food, historical authenticity, or the longing and desire to return to their homeland. This study discusses the phenomenon of migration carried out by Palestinians after the 1948 Nakba in the novel Masa`ir: Kunsyirtu al-Hulukust wa an-Nakbah by Raba'i al-Madhun. The theory used is the theory of postcolonial literature by utilizing the concept of migration related to postcolonial studies. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data is obtained through careful reading of material objects. Furthermore, data related to the research problem is marked and recorded in the data table. The data that has been recorded is then classified based on the name of the destination of the migration which includes geographical location, the characters, the conditions they experience in that place, and their relationship with the Palestinian homeland. The data that has been classified is then analyzed using the concept of migration in postcolonial theory. The results of this study indicate that there were twelve places that became the migration destinations for the Palestinian population after the 1948 Nakba. First, one city in Palestine, namely the city of Gaza. Those who live in the camp live life with various limitations due to limited access to communication and information, as well as discomfort and insecurity due to various Israeli attacks that come from time to time. Second, the five former Palestinian cities that Israel has claimed, namely the cities of Acre, Haifa, Jaffa, Jerusalem, and Al-Majdal Asqalan. Those living in Israel are forced to renounce their Palestinian citizenship and convert to Israeli citizenship so they can remain in their homeland and have prestigious jobs. Third, three Arab countries, namely Lebanon, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Those who live in the camps have a miserable life, while those who live in their own homes have a prosperous life. Fourth, one European country, namely England. Those who live in England live with wealth, but are tormented by a deep homesickness. Fifth, two American countries, namely Canada and the United States. Those living in these countries live freely, but there are those who wish to return to their homeland and not because of the chaotic and tense situation in Gaza. However, wherever Palestinians are, they will always be bound to their homeland, whether through the Arabic language, special food, historical authenticity, or the longing and desire to return to their homeland.

Kata Kunci : migrasi paksa, Palestina, Nakbah 1948, sastra, poskolonial, Masa`ir, Rabai al-Madhun/forced migration, Palestine, Nakbahh 1948, literature, postcolonial, Masa`ir, Rabai al-Madhun