Pendirian Republik Turki dalam Novel Wada'an Ayyuhasy-Syarqu Karya Niqula Haddad: Analisis Sosiologi Sastra

ELOK JAGAD RAYA, Hamdan, S.S., M.A.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA ARAB

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pendirian Republik Turki dalam novel Wada'an Ayyuhasy-Syarqu karya sastrawan Mesir keturunan Lebanon, Niqula Ḥaddad. Novel tersebut menceritakan tentang Mustafa Basya Kamal yang melakukan berbagai kelicikan untuk mendirikan Republik Turki dan perjuangan pendukung Dinasti Utsmaniyah untuk mempertahankan sistem khilafah. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap Wada'an Ayyuhasy-Syarqu, diketahui bahwa novel ini menceritakan Mustafa Basya Kamal melakukan berbagai kelicikan berupa kerja sama dengan pihak asing, pendiskreditan khalifah, keluarga, dan pendukungnya, penghapusan Khilafah Utsmaniyah, dan penyusunan undang-undang sekuler. Hal itu dilakukan untuk menghapus kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah dan menggantinya menjadi Republik Turki yang sekuler. Pendukung Dinasti Utsmaniyah berusaha untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan Dinasti Utsmaniyah dengan melakukan upaya pembunuhan Mustafa Basya Kamal dan pembelaan di Majelis Agung Nasional (al-Majlisu al-Waṭaniyu al-Kabiru). Kedua usaha ini mengalami kegagalan sehingga Dinasti Utsmaniyah dihapuskan.

This study aims to describe the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in the novel. Wada'an Ayyuhasy-Syarqu written by Egyptian writer of Lebanese descent, Niqula Ḥaddad. The novel tells about Mustafa Basya Kamal who did various tricks to establish the Republic of Turkey and the struggle of the Ottoman dynasty supporters to maintain the caliphate system. The analysis in this study uses the theory of sociology of literature. Based on the results of an analysis of Wada'an Ayyuhasy-Syarqu, it is known that this novel tells Mustafa Basya Kamal to commit various tricks in the form of cooperation with foreign parties, discrediting the caliph, his family and his supporters, abolishing the Ottoman Caliphate, and drafting secular laws. This was done to abolish the Ottoman caliphate and replace it with the secular Republic of Turkey. Supporters of the Ottoman dynasty attempted to maintain the power of the Ottoman dynasty by carrying out an assassination attempt on Mustafa Basya Kamal and a defense in the Grand National Assembly (al-Majlisu al-Wataniyu al-Kabiru). Both of these attempts failed and the Ottoman Empire was abolished.

Kata Kunci : Dinasti Utsmaniyah, Wada'an Ayyuhasy-Syarqu, Republik Turki / Ottoman Dynasty, Wada'an Ayyuhasy-Syarqu, Republic of Turkey.