Konservasi Burung CikukuaTimor (Philimon Iinoratus) Berdasarkan Penilian Ekogeografi pada Berbagai Konfigurasi Lanskap di Puluo Timor Barat, Indosesia
BLASIUS PAGA, Prof. Dr. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, S.Hut., M.Sc, :Ir. Ign.Pramana Yuda, M.Si., Ph.D; Dr. Ir. Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida, MP.
2022 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU KEHUTANANBurung Cikukua Timor tergolong endemik di Pulau Timor, tidak dilindungi dalam peraturan perlindungan satwa dan tumbuhan oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Populasinya mengalami penurunan akibat perubahan tutupan lahan dan fragmentasi habitat karena tekanan antropogenik. Ini mempengaruhi kondisi ekogeografi yang memiliki ketersediaan habitat sesuai bagi kelangsungan hidup spesies ini. Analisis penilaian ekogeografi memberikan pengetahuan penting bagi upaya konservasi spesies ini di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik vegetasi, vegetasi sebagai habitat determinan Cikukua Timor , perubahan tutupan lahan, fragmentasi, mengetahui kesesuaian habitat, densitas dan distribusi populasi, motivasi dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap konservasi spesies target. Metode analisa vegetasi digunakan untuk memperoleh indeks nilai penting keragaman, kemerataan dan kekayaan jenis. Pemanfaatan Geographic Information System bersama citra landsat dan Google Earth Engine, untuk analisis perubahan tutupan lahan dari 1999-2020, fragstat untuk analisis fragmentasi. Analisis diskriminan untuk memperoleh variabel vegetasi determinan kehadiran Cikukua Timor. Kepadatan burung menggunakan metode distance sampling, kesesuaian habitat menggunakan Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) dan peta kesesuaian habitat menggunakan Biomapper 3.1. Motivasi dan persepsi masyarakat dilakukan dengan wawancara metode purposive sampling dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dengan skala Likert. Vegetasi penyusun Lanskap Baumata terdiri dari 46 spesies didominasi Cassia siamea, Tectona. Grandis, Bipolo tersusun dari 92 spesies didominasi Corypha utan, T. grandis, Plectronia sp, Camplong tersusun oleh 143 spesies, didominasi T. grandis, Gliricidia sepium. Jenis Chromolaena odorata mendominasi di tiga lanskap studi. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis vegetasi tergolong sedang, kemerataan jenis sedang-tinggi dan kekayaan jenis tinggi. Perubahan tutupan lahan 1999-2020 pada skala Area of Interest (AoI) (1662,91 km2) terjadi penurunan dominan di HLKP, HLKS, savana, sedangkan peningkatan luas terjadi pada semak belukar, pemukiman, lahan pertanian, hutan tanaman, dan hutan mangrove. Fragmentasi habitat pada skala AoI, perubahan tertinggi di pemukiman dan hutan tanaman, sedangkan skala lanskap di Baumata dan Camplong dominan terfragmentasi di pemukiman, dan Bipolo lebih terfragmentasi di hutan tanaman. Kehadiran burung Cikukua Timor ditentukan minimal oleh 7 individu vegetasi, terutama di daerah tepi antara dua atau lebih tutupan lahan yang dekat dengan jalan sepi lalu lintas manusia dan kendaraaan, riparian, mangrove yang memiliki kanopi lebih terbuka dan selalu hijau, pemukiman berkepadatan rendah. Kepadatan populasi tertinggi (3,31 ind/ha) di Baumata, dan terendah (0,15 ind./ha) di Bipolo. Hasil analisis ENFA, burung Cikukua Timor memiliki sifat spesialis. Motivasi dan persepsi masyarakat terkategori sedang sampai tinggi
Timor Friarbird is endemic in Timor Island, not protected in animal and plant protection regulations by the Indonesian government. Its population has decreased due to land cover change and habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenic pressure. This affects the ecogeographic conditions that have the availability of habitats suitable for the survival of this species. Ecogeographic assessment analysis provides important knowledge for future conservation efforts of this species. This research aims to identify vegetation characteristics, vegetation as determinant habitats of Timor Friarbird, land cover changes, fragmentation, knowing habitat suitability, population density and distribution, motivation and community perception of target species conservation. Vegetation analysis methods are used to obtain important value indices of diversity, equality and wealth of types. Utilization of geographic information system along with landsat imagery and Google Earth Engine, for analysis of land cover changes from 1999-2020, fragstat for fragmentation analysis. Diskriminant analysis to obtain determinant vegetation variables of Timor Friarbird presence. Bird density with distance sampling method, habitat suitability using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) and habitat suitability map using Biomapper 3.1. People's motivations and perceptions use purposive sampling method interviews and are analyzed quantitatively with the Likert scale. The vegetation that makes up the Baumata Landscape consists of 46 species dominated by Cassia siamea, Tectona. grandis, Bipolo is composed of 92 species dominated by Corypha. utan, T. grandis, Plectronia sp, Camplong composed of 143 species, dominated by T. grandis, Gliricidia sepium. Types of Chromolaena odorata dominate across three study landscapes. The diversity index of vegetation types is classified as medium, medium-high density and high density wealth. Changes in land cover from 1999 to 2020 on the Scale of Acre of Interest (AoI) (1662,91 km2) there was a dominant decrease in PDLF, SDLF, savanna, while widespread increases occurred in shrubs, settlements, agricultural land, plant forests, and mangrove forests. Fragmentation on the AoI scale, the highest change in settlements and plant forests, while the landscape scale in Baumata and Camplong is predominantly fragmented in settlements, and Bipolo is more fragmented in plant forests. The presence of Timor Friarbird is determined at least by 7 individual vegetation, especially in the edge area between two or more land cover close to the deserted road of human traffic and vehicles, riparian, mangroves that have a more open canopy and always green, low-density settlements. The highest population density (3.31 ind/ha) in Baumata, and lowest (0.15 ind./ha) in Bipolo. The results of the ENFA analysis of this species have a specialist nature Motivation and perception of people categorized as moderate to high.
Kata Kunci : Cikukua Timor, Ekogeografi, Fragmentasi, Konservasi, Lanskap,;Cikukua Timor, Ecogeography, Fragmentation, Conservation, Landscape