FACTORS AFFECTING SISTER CITY COOPERATION SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY OF SURABAYA-KITAKYUSHU GREEN SISTER CITY COOPERATION

RIOVANNI FRANCINNI, Prof. Ir. Bambang Hari Wibisono, MUP., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Program sister city antar negara telah dikenal dan berkembang secara global selama lebih dari 70 tahun, termasuk di Indonesia. Kerjasama sister city dilakukan oleh seluruh provinsi di Indonesia, namun potensi besar kerjasama sister city belum dimaksimalkan dengan baik untuk pembangunan daerah. Berbeda dengan mayoritas kerjasama sister city yang dilakukan, Green Sister City Surabaya-Kitakyushu mampu menunjukkan keberhasilan dan memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi perkembangan kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Menganalisis struktur jaringan kerjasama dan pengaruhnya terhadap keberhasilan green sister city Surabaya-Kitakyushu; 2) Mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi dampak penting kerjasama. Kajian kualitatif deduktif ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan kerjasama sister city serta jaringan tata kelola kerjasama tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder yang dikumpulkan untuk di analisis. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara dengan: Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, Pemerintah Kota Kitakyushu, Swasta Jepang (Nishihara Co. dari Kitakyushu), dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat Surabaya (Nol Sampah Surabaya). Data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen arsip, website resmi dan surat kabar. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kesamaan tujuan dan peran aktor dalam kerjasama sister city, dipengaruhi oleh modal aktor, dan pemilihan hibah sebagai alat kebijakan mempengaruhi keberhasilan kolaborasi green sister city Surabaya dan Kitakyushu. Selain itu, program tersebut menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan model self-governed network, tetapi dengan perbedaan intensitas interaksi sosial dan distribusi otoritas antar aktor dibandingkan dengan keadaan "sempurna" dari model itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar semua pemerintah daerah Indonesia yang melakukan kerjasama sister city, harus lebih memperhatikan tata kelola kerjasama, prioritas masalah kota, dan aktor harus terlibat dalam kerjasama sister city.

Sister city programs between countries have been known and thrived globally for more than 70 years, including in Indonesia. Sister city cooperation is exercised by all provinces in Indonesia, yet the great potential of sister city cooperation is not maximized properly for the development of the regions. In contrast to the majority of sister city collaborations exercised, the Surabaya-Kitakyushu green sister city was able to show success and provide a significant impact on the development of Surabaya city. This research aims to: 1) Determine what factors affect the cooperation's significant impact; 2) Analyze the cooperation network structure and its influence on the success of the Surabaya-Kitakyushu green sister city. This deductive qualitative study investigates the factors that influence the success of sister city cooperation as well as the collaboration's governance network. In this study, primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were obtained from interviews with: Surabaya City Government, Kitakyushu City Government, Japan's Private Sector (Nishihara Co. from Kitakyushu), and Surabaya's non-governmental organization (Nol Waste Surabaya). Secondary data were obtained from archival documents, official websites and newspapers. The findings indicate that similar actor goals and roles suitability to the sister city cooperation, influenced by an actor's capital, and the selection of grants as policy tools affect the success of Surabaya and Kitakyushu green sister city collaboration. Furthermore, the program shows conformity with the self-governed network model, but with differences in the intensity of social interactions and authority distributions between actors compared to the "perfect" state of the self-governed model. This research suggests that all of Indonesia's local governments that exercise sister city cooperation, should pay more attention to the cooperation governance, cities' problem priorities, and actors should be involved in the sister city cooperation.

Kata Kunci : Surabaya, Kitakyushu, sister city, governance networks.