Kelahiran Jaka Tarub dalam teks babad :: Kajian resepsi, intertekstual, dan suntingan teks

HARYATMO, Sri, Prof.Dr. Siti Chamamah Soeratno

2003 | Tesis | S2 Sastra

Objek k^ian ini adalah kelahiran Jaka Tanib (JT) dalam teks babad. Sebagai jenis kaiya sastra, penyusunan carita babad diahir olah kcmvansiy yakni babad sebagai saranamalegitimasi kakuasaan r^aMataram depgait cara mai^usun silsilah rqa Mataram yang dihubuqgjcaii dangan nyarr^a basar sebalmm^ Panalitian ini baitujuan untuk (1) mangatafaui rasapsi pangarang tariiadfq) cerita kelahiran JT dalam kaitam^ dangan konvansi tarsabut; (2) mamahami makna carita kelahiran JT varsi Seh Maulana Mq^bi (SMM) karena kelahiram^ tidak wqar. Uotuk 'menc^ai tujuan itu, digunakan tiga taori, yakni filologi, rasapsi, dan intartaks. Matoda yang digunaan adalah matoda kualitatif yang maliputi pangimq)ulan data, pamilihan data, dan analisis data. Kisah kelahiran JT adalah paristiwa yapg panting karana ia dipandapg olah masyarakat Jawa sebagai tokoh basar yang manuninkan rqa-rqa Mataram. Dalam Babad Tanah Jawi (BTJ), dikisahkan bahwaJT berfimgsi sebagai mediator antara silsilah r^a-nya Mataram dan rajaMajapahit Dalam BTJ, dikisahkan batnva JT barasal dari katunman ral^at biasa. Di samping itu, kelahiran JT tidak diharspkan ol^ ibm^ karana ia tetpaksa mengandiing aldbat paikosaan lelald yang tidak dikanali^ Kisah itu mambawa afak yapg tidak baik karana JT sebagai tokoh yang manuninkan r^a-ixya Mataram tamyala bukan katunman rqa basar, malainkan katunman rakyat biasa Maka, dalam paikambai^gam^ kelahiran JT tidak dikisahkan barasal dari ral^ biasa ( Ki Jaka dan sang Kara) yang hidigiiiya terlunta-lunta, tatsyii diubah manjadi '^genaologi Seh Maulana Ma^mbi dan Dawi Rasawulan (DR)*'. DipilihiQra tokoh SMM sebagai tokoh yang mamirunkan JT menunjuldmn bahwa kedatangan Islam mambawa pengaruh pada panyambut teks. Tentu s^a, hal itu juga disesuaikan dei^gan poltik kar^aan bahwa salain sebagai penguasa dunia, r^a juga barfiingsi sebagai pemimpin dan bargalar Ngabdnrrahman S^idin Panatagama KalipatullaL DR dipilih sebagai tokoh yang memmmkan JT karana ia katunman Brawij^a Dipilihi^ tokoh SMM dan DR sab{^ pusat ganaologi raja Mataram menyababkan kembawaan r^a-raja Mataram samakin mant^ karena maraka tidak haiQm ketunman rqa basar, tatapi juga katurunan Seh dari Arab dan katunman Kangjeng Rasul. Salanjutnya, untuk mamahami sacara. penuh makna kelahiran JT, perlu dihubun^can dangan cerita kelahiran tokoh Anoman dalam w^ang sebagai hipogram. Jika tokoh-tokohtQra disajqarkan, tokoh JT mengacu k^ada tokoh Anoman, tokoh SMM mangacu pada tokoh Batara Guru, dan tokoh DR mapgacu kapada tokoh Dawi Anjani dalam wayang. Di sanqiing itu, pola carita dalam babad (saparti proses manuju kahamilan dan proses kelahiran tokoh) sama dapgan pola cerita dalam wayang. Kata-kata kimci: wayang, babad, legitimasi, resepsi, dan ganaologi.

This study object is Jaka Tarub's birth (next written: JT) in Seh Maulana Maghribi (SMM) version in babad (history). As a kind of literal literature, the process of writing babad is arranged by convension, that are the histories as an instrument to legitimate the kings dominating with the ways to arrange a genealogy in related to the previous great kings. This study is aimed to (1) knowing how the reader reception toward JT's birth story in related to such convension; (2) understanding the mean of JT's birth story in SMM version. To achieve those aims are two theories used, those are qualitative method that involve the data collection, data collection, data analysis, and report writing. JT's birth story is an important incident for he has viewed as a great personage who had generated the kings of Mataram. JT is functioned as mediator between Mataram's and Majapahit's kings genealogy. In Babad Tanah Jawi (BTJ) has storied that JT is a populace generation. Moreover, JT's birth is undesired by his mother for she has raped by an unknown man. Such story brought an acceptable effect to the reader for JT as a personage who has generated the kings of Mataram is not a great king generation, yet a populace generation. So, in its development, JT's birth has not been storied of a populace generation (the figures of Ki Jaka and sang Rara) with his constant difficulty, but been completed to be "the genealogy of Seh Maulana Maghribi and Dewi Rasawulan". In chosen of SMM as the figures who has generated JT is caused to suitable with socio-culture background of societies that has adopted Islam for religion. Indeed, also such of these are appropriated to the kingdom political that, except as the world dominator, the king is also functioned as religion leader and titled Ngabdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama Kalipatullah. Dewi Rasawulan is chosen as a personage who has generated JT for she also a Brawijaya generation. In chosen personage of SMM and Dewi RAsawulan as the central of Mataram's kings genealogy, the Mataram's kings authorities is more stabled for they are not only the great kings generation, but also the generations of Seh from Arab and of Kangjeng Rasul. Furthermore, to completely understanding the meant of Jt's birth, it is necessary to relate with previous story, that is the personage birth story of Anoman as a hypogram in wayang. When in parallel view, the personage figures of Jaka Tarub refer to Anoman, of Seh Maulana Maghribi refer to Batara Guru, and of Dewi Rasawulan refer to Dewi Anjani in wayang. Moreover, the story patterns in babad (such as the process'go to be pregnant and the personage birth process) are in the same way with story patterns in wayang). Keywords: wayang, babad, legitimate, reception, and genealogy.

Kata Kunci : Cerita Rakyat Jawa,Babad,Kelahiran Jaka Tarub