KONSTRUKSI MEMORI TRAUMATIS DAN UPAYA REKONSILIASI DALAM NOVEL HALF OF A YELLOW SUN KARYA CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE DAN KEI: KUTEMUKAN CINTA DI TENGAH PERANG KARYA ERNI ALADJAI: STUDI PERBANDINGAN

SITTI HARDIANTI, Achmad Munjid, M.A, Ph.D

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER SASTRA

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap konstruksi ingatan dan trauma, serta upaya rekonsiliasi korban perang Biafra dan Ambon dalam novel Half of a Yellow Sun karya Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, dan novel Kei: Kutemukan Cinta di Tengah Perang karya Erni Aladjai. Konsep teori trauma Cathy Caruth, trauma perang Jonathan Hart, serta konsep acting out dan working through Dominick LaCapra akan menjadi acuan dalam menganalisis wacana mengenai konstruksi trauma memori, dan upaya rekonsiliasi dalam novel ini. Trauma hadir pada korban penyintas melalui simtom-simtom mimpi buruk, flashback, dan lain sebagainya. Trauma (trauma perang) dipicu karena adanya memori traumatis mengenai peristiwa traumatis konflik perang saudara seperti kekerasan secara individu maupun kolektif. Penyintas yang berada pada tahapan acting out (kondisi seseorang yang dipenuhi kesedihan emosi komplusif) akan terjebak dengan masa lalu (traumanya). Tahapan working through, ketika penyintas sudah mampu berfikir secara rasional, menerima, dan memahami ingatan traumatis tersebut. Mampu mengubah memory traumatis menjadi memory narrative. Metode deskriptif analisis digunakan untuk melihat narasi, serta teks yang memunculkan kontsruksi memori traumatis, serta upaya rekonsiliasinya. Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua novel memiliki perbedaan mengenai peristiwa traumatis, trauma, serta upaya yang dilakukan para penyintas. Namun, memiliki persamaan bahwa peristiwa-peristiwa kekerasan selama konflik perang saudara Biafra dan Ambon meninggalkan ingatan traumatis, hingga memicu hadirnya trauma perang bagi para korban penyintas. Harus berjuang untuk melawanan naluri kematian pada tahapan acting out, sekaligus memperjuangan naluri kehidupan agar dapat masuk ke tahap working through melalui upaya rekonsiliasi. Kedua novel juga dapat menjadi middle voice, untuk menyuarakan the other story dari korban perang ke ruang publik.

This research aims to look how the construction of memories and trauma, as well as efforts to reconcile the victims of the wars of Biafra and Ambon in the novel Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and the novel Kei: Kutemukan Cinta di Tengah Perang by Erni Aladjai. The concept theories of Cathy Caruth's trauma, Jonathan Hart's war trauma, as well as the concept of acting out and working through Dominick LaCapra will be a reference in analyzing the discourse on trauma memory construction and reconciliation efforts in this novel. Trauma is present in survivors through nightmare symptoms, flashbacks, and so on. Trauma (war trauma) is triggered by traumatic memories of traumatic events of civil conflict such as individual or collective violence. Survivors who are in acting out (a condition of someone trapped in compulsive emotions) will be stuck with the past (the trauma). The working through, when the survivor can think rationally, accepting, and understand the traumatic memory. Able to turn traumatic memory into narrative memory. The descriptive method of analysis will be used in this thesis, which is done by looking at narratives and texts that give rise to the construction of traumatic memories, as well as efforts to reconcile them. The results of the research show that the second novel has differences regarding traumatic events, trauma, and the efforts made by the survivors. However, it has something in common that violent events during the civil war conflicts of Biafra and Ambon hold traumatic memories, thus triggering the presence of war trauma for the survivors. Must struggle to fight the instinct of death at acting out, as well as fight the instinct of life in at working through. Both novels can also be the middle voice, to share the other stories of war victims to the public.

Kata Kunci : Perbandingan, memori, trauma, rekonsiliasi