Perlawanan Tokoh Utama Perempuan terhadap Penindasan dalam Novel The Vegetarian (채식주의자) Karya Han Kang: Kajian Ekofeminisme

FRANSISCA MYRNA THEA, Suray Agung Nugroho, S.S., M.A., Ph.D.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BAHASA DAN KEBUDAYAAN KOREA

Pada era ini, banyak ditemui isu-isu penindasan perempuan dan gerakan perempuan melawan penindasan. Salah satu novel Korea yang merepresentasikan isu penindasan perempuan adalah novel berjudul “The Vegetarian” karya Han Kang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk-bentuk penindasan yang dialami oleh tokoh utama perempuan dan bagaimana bentuk perlawanannya menggunakan perspektif ekofeminisme. Ekofeminisme melihat adanya hubungan penindasan perempuan dan penindasan alam. Novel menceritakan tentang bagaimana seorang perempuan melawan ketertindasan dengan cara yang tidak biasa. Tokoh utama perempuan bernama Yeonghye, dikisahkan mengalami trauma dan mimpi-mimpi yang menyeramkan sehingga membuat dirinya tidak ingin makan daging. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama perempuan Yeonghye mengalami bentuk-bentuk penindasan berupa penindasan fisik, psikologis, verbal, dan seksual. Ada dua bentuk perlawanan tokoh Yeonghye terhadap penindasan yang ditemukan dalam novel. Pertama, dia menghindari segala hal yang menyangkut dengan “daging”, termasuk makan daging dan berhubungan seks. Kedua, dia ingin menjadi tanaman. Tindakan perlawanan Yeonghye kemudian dikaitkan dengan teori ekofeminisme. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa keinginan Yeonghye untuk tidak makan daging dan bertransformasi menjadi tanaman merupakan wujud dari implementasi teori ekofeminisme.

In this era, there are many issues of women's oppression and women's resistance against oppression. One of the Korean novels that represents the issue of women's oppression is the novel titled "The Vegetarian" by Han Kang. This study aims to analyze the forms of oppression experienced by the main female character and the forms of resistance by using ecofeminism perspective. Ecofeminism sees a relationship between the oppression of female and the oppression of nature. This novel tells about how a female main character who fights against oppression in her unique ways. The female lead character named Yeonghye, is narrated to experience traumas and nightmares that make her swear not to eat meat ever again. The result shows that the female lead character Yeonghye experienced many forms of oppressions such as physical oppression, psychological oppression, verbal oppression, and sexual oppression. Her form of resistance against oppression is first, to avoid all things related to “meat-activity”, including eating meat and having sex. Second, she wanted to become a plant. Yeonghye’s resistance is associated with the theory of ecofeminism, in that Yeonghye’s desire not to eat meat and transform herself into a plant is a manifestation of implementing the ecofeminism theory.

Kata Kunci : Penindasan, Perlawanan, Ekofeminisme, The Vegetarian, Han Kang / Oppression, Resistance, Ecofeminism, The Vegetarian, Han Kang