ASPEK MAGIS WIRID DALAM KITAB AZIMAT AL-HAIKAL: SUNTINGAN TEKS DAN KAJIAN RESEPSI

FAQIH SULTHAN, Prof. Dr. Sangidu, M.Hum.

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER SASTRA

Naskah Azimat Al-Haikal adalah satu dari sekian saksi peradaban masa lampau. Penelitian terhadapnya menjadi langkah apresiatif terhadap jejak pemikiran magis dalam khazanah kebudayaan Nusantara. Penelitian filologis ini memanfaatkan metode penyuntingan standar dan metode literal translation. Fungsi interpretasi teks Azimat Al-Haikal akan ditunaikan melalui kajian resepsi. Peneliti dalam menanggapi Naskah Azimat Al-Haikal bersikap sebagai pembaca nyata. Peneliti memanfaatkan metode kritik teks dengan berbekal pemahaman tafsir Ibnu Katsir terhadap ayat-ayat al-Qur'an yang (dalam Naskah Azimat Al-Haikal) dipercaya mengandung aspek magis wirid. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan wirid Naskah Azimat Al-Haikal syarat pemikiran magis. Hal tersebut secara tersurat dijelaskan di dalam teks bahwa al-haikal sab'ah (haikal tujuh) memiliki keutamaan-keutamaan bagi pemiliknya. Keutamaan tersebut didapat setelah melalui proses ritual (sikap tertentu) dalam penyusunan ayat-ayat tersebut. Ada delapan tahapan dalam susunan Azimat Al-Haikal. Tahap pertama berupa doa-doa atau bacaan yang dilisankan. Pada tahap kedua hingga kedelapan, termuat ayat-ayat dalam 32 surat dari 114 surat al-Quran. Peneliti mengkombinasikan aspek informatif (tafsir Ibnu Katsir) dengan aspek performatif (magis) ayat-ayat al-Quran dalam teks Azimat Al-Haikal. Melalui pembacaan peneliti, keutamaan ayat-ayat ke-32 surat tersebut antara aspek informatif dan aspek performatif berkorelasi secara isi namun berbeda dalam hal amanat. Penyambutan berbeda terhadap ayat-ayat tersebut dimungkinkan berangkat dari, (1) norma magis yang dipancarkan Hadis Nabi dalam teks Azimat Al-Haikal sebagai sumber otoritas Islam yang mengafirmasi legitimasi khasiat Haikal Sab'ah. (2) Pengetahuan dan pengalaman penulis Azimat Al-Haikal dari teks lain terkait konsep ajaran wasilah (perantara) ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an berupa wirid/wifiq yang lazim di kalangan Islam masa itu. (3) Kemampuan penulis Azimat Al-Haikal mengkontekstualkan al-Qur'an sebagai bacaan yang unggul dibandingkan denagn bacaan selainnya untuk dijadikan wirid/wifiq.

Azimat Al-Haikal is a relic of civilization. Researching the Manuscript of Azimat Al-Haikal is an appreciative step towards traces of magical thinking in the cultural treasures of the archipelago. This philological research uses standard editing methods and literal translation methods. The function of interpreting the text of Azimat Al-Haikal by using the reception study. The researcher here acts as a true reader in responding to the Azimat Al-Haikal text. Researchers used text criticism method. Criticism of this text is armed with an understanding of Ibn Kathir's exegesis, namely the interpretation of Qur'anic verses which (in the Azimat Al-Haikal Manuscript) are believed to contain wirid magical aspects. The results of this study indicate that the wirid Azimat Al-Haikal manuscript is a prerequisite for magical thinking. It is explicitly explained in the text that al-haikal sab'ah (haikal seven) has virtues for its owner. This virtue is obtained after going through a ritual process (certain attitude) in the compilation of these verses. There are eight stages in the composition of the Azimat Al-Haikal. The first stage is in the form of prayers or spoken readings. In the second to eighth stages, there are verses in 32 surahs from 114 surahs of the Koran. The researcher combines the informative aspect (Ibn Kathir's interpretation) with the performative aspect (magical) of the verses of the Koran in the text of Azimat Al-Haikal. In the reading of the researcher, the virtue of the 32 verses of the surah is between the informative aspect and the performative aspect which are correlated in content but different in terms of mandate.The different meanings in the Azimat Al-Haikal text of these verses have the potential to be inspired by, (1) affirmation from the source of Islamic authority, hadith (which was relied on by the Prophet) as the legitimacy of magical thinking, (2) the concepts of wasilah (intermediary) and syafa'at (help) which are common among traditional Muslims, (3) the Koran is described as the main inspiration of wirid, so the objects that are embedded in God's word are believed to have an influence.

Kata Kunci : Azimat Al-Haikal, magic, philology, textual criticism, performative