IMANENTISME DAN NEGOSIASI KOMUNITAS INOPERATIF: MEMBACA DEMONSTRASI IMAJI REVOLUSI PRANCIS DALAM NOVEL A TALE OF TWO CITIES KARYA CHARLES DICKENS

MUH SURAHMAN DJUNUHI, Dr. Aprinus Salam, M.Hum.

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER SASTRA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap bentuk karakter imanentisme dan negosiasi komunitas inoperatif yang melingkupi revolusi Prancis dalam novel A Tale of Two Cities karya Charles Dickens. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan alasan-alasan novel A Tale of Two Cities, dalam kaitannya dengan sejarah revolusi Prancis, menghadirkan komunitas inoperatif dan imanentisme, serta implikasinya sebagai imaji kritik sejarah revolusi Prancis. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsepsi Jean-Luc Nancy. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa, (1) karakter imanentisme termanifestasi dalam dikotomi golongan yang telah ada di era Orde Lama hingga Orde Baru Prancis. Di era Orde Lama, golongan bangsawan memiliki otoritas untuk mengintimidasi golongan rakyat jelata. Sedangkan di Orde Baru pasca revolusi, pemerintahan Republik justru melahirkan komunitas inoperatif, menciptakan Republic Enemy, semua yang berhubungan dengan Orde Lama menjadi tahanan politik dan dihukum mati dengan guillotine termasuk kaum bangsawan. (2) Negosiasi komunitas inoperatif termanifestasi pada eksistensi tokoh Charles Darney, bangsawan yang tidak terjebak pada konflik identitas bangsawan dan rakyat jelata. Darney menolak diskriminasi dan represi pada golongan rakyat jelata. Darney menerapkan cara hidup singular dalam ruang kelompok pluralis (being in common). (3) Alasan A Tale of Two Cities menghadirkan paradigma imanentisme dan komunitas inoperatif untuk melakukan proses demonstrasi dan pembentukan kekerasan imaji sastra untuk mengkritik revolusi Prancis. Imaji sastra di sini tidak hanya sebatas mengkritik sejarah Revolusi Prancis, mengintrupsi mitos falsafah Republik, menawarkan bentuk komunitas inoperatif, tetapi sekaligus juga mengapresiasi kondisi sosial dan politik di Inggris yang tetap stabil di era Revolusi Prancis.

This study aims to uncover the character forms of immanentism and negotiations of inoperative community covering the French revolution in Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities. Furthermore, this research will explain the reasons why the novel A Tale of Two Cities, in relation to the history of the French revolution, presents an inoperative community and immanentism, as well as its implications as a criticism image of the French revolution history. This study uses the concept of Jean-Luc Nancy. The method used is descriptive-qualitative. The results of the research prove that, (1) the character of immanentism was manifested in the dichotomy of groups that existed in the Old Order to the French New Order era. In the Old Order era, the aristocracy had the authority to intimidate the commoners. Meanwhile, in the post-revolution New Order, the government of Republic gave birth to an inoperative community, creating the Republic Enemy, all associated with the Old Order became political prisoners and were sentenced to death by guillotine, including the aristocracy. (2) The negotiation of inoperative community is manifested in the existence of the character Charles Darney, an aristocrat who is not trapped in the identity conflict of aristocrats and commoners. Darney rejects discrimination and repression of the commoners. Darney negotiates a singular way of life in the space of a pluralist group (being in common). (3) The reason why A Tale of Two Cities presents a paradigm of immanentism and inoperative community to carry out a process of demonstration and the formation of literary image violence to criticize the French revolution. This literary image is not only limited to criticizing the history of the French Revolution, interrupting the mythical philosophy of the Republic, offering a form of inoperative community, but also at the same time appreciating the social and political conditions in England which remained stable in the era of the French Revolution.

Kata Kunci : Imanentisme, Komunitas Inoperatif, A Tale of Two Cities, Nancy, Revolusi Prancis / Imanentism, Inoperative Community, A Tale of Two Cities, Nancy, French Revolution