KETIDAKSADARAN POLITIS DALAM NOVEL THE HANDMAID'S TALE KARYA MARGARET ATWOOD

NURLIANA FITRI, Dr. Pujiharto, M.Hum

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER SASTRA

The Handmaid's Tale merupakan novel sains fiksi dengan corak distopia yang ditulis oleh Margaret Atwood. Novel ini menceritakan kehidupan seorang perempuan yang bernama Offred yang menjadi seorang Handmaid; sebutan untuk perempuan yang memegang peran sebagai mesin pencetak bayi di bawah kepemerintahan rezim Gilead. Penelitian ini akan mengungkap ketidaksadaran politis dalam novel The Handmaid's Tale melalui tiga langkah interpretasi horison yang dikembangkan oleh Fredric Jameson. Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa melalui analisis terhadap struktur formal naratifnya, The Handmaid's Tale memiliki struktur naratif roman yang merupakan resolusi simbolik dari kontradiksi sosial yang tidak dapat diselesaikan. Di dalam novel The Handmaid's Tale ditemukan ideologeme yang mengandung elemen ketidaksadaran politis yakni kritik terhadap perpecahan kelompok perempuan yang ada di novel The Handmaid's Tale. Horison interpretasi ketiga mengkaji ideologi bentuk dari novel The Handmaid's Tale yang menunjukkan adanya strategi dari Margaret Atwood yang menyampaikan kritik terhadap rezim relijius otoriter dan perpecahan perempuan di novel The Handmaid's Tale dengan memilih bentuk kultural tertentu. Hasil analisis melalui ketiga horison interpretasi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kritik terhadap rezim relijius yang otoriter di level permukaan dan di level kedalaman menunjukkan adanya kritik terhadap perpecahan perempuan yang ada di novel The Handmaid's Tale dan represi terhadap corak utopia.

The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian science fiction novel written by Margaret Atwood. The novel talks about the story of a woman named Offred who has to become a Handmaid; a title given for a woman whose role is to become two-legged womb under the authoritative Gilead regime. This research reveals the political unconsciousness within the Handmaid's Tale novel through three interpretative horizons developed by Fredric Jameson. Based on the research, it can be concluded that, through the analysis of the narrative structure, The Handmaid's Tale has a romance archetype structure which is a symbolic resolution towards unresolvable social contradiction. In The Handmaid's Tale novel, the research found ideologemes that contain the element of political unconsciousness in a form of critics towards the disunity of women in The Handmaid's Tale. The third interpretative horizon examines the ideology of form in The Handmaid's Tale which shows the strategy of Margaret Atwood who delivers the critic towards the authoritative religious regime and disunity of women in The Handmaid's Tale novel by choosing certain cultural forms. The result of analysis through the three interpretative horizons reveal that the novel contains critics towards the authoritative religious regime at the surface level and the latent level contains critic towards the disunity of women in The Handmaid's Tale novel and repression towards utopia.

Kata Kunci : The Handmaid's Tale, Ketidaksadaran Politis, Struktur Naratif, Ideologeme, Ideologi Bentuk