The Association between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Allergic Comorbidities in Children with Atopic Dermatitis in RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta

DESSIKA LISTIARINI, dr. Sumadiono, Sp.A(K); Dr. Suryono Yudha Patria, Sp.A(K), Ph.D

2020 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar belakang: Dermatitis atopik (DA) secara umum terkait dengan perkembangan penyakit asma dan rinitis alergi. Pemberian ASI eksklusif diusulkan dapat mencegah perkembangan dermatitis atopik, asma, dan rinitis alergi. Namun, pada anak yang sudah memiliki kondisi DA, ASI eksklusif belum terbukti dapat mencegah perkembangan lebih lanjut menjadi asma dan rinitis alergi. Untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara ASI eksklusif dan komorbiditas alergi (asma dan rinitis alergi) pada anak-anak yang didiagnosis dengan DA, kami melakukan penelitian observasional. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong-lintang, menggunakan rekam medis dan kuesioner sebagai sumber untuk mengumpulkan data. Sebanyak 36 anak (19 laki-laki dan 17 wanita) yang berusia <18 tahun, didiagnosis DA pada Klinik Rawat Jalan Alergi dan Imunologi Bangsal Anak RSUP Dr. Sardjito termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Kriteria eksklusi adalah penderita defisiensi imun dan keganasan berat, infeksi atau sepsis, infeksi tuberkulosis, dan data yang tidak memadai. Hasil: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan yang ditemukan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dan rinitis alergi pada anak DA (OR = 0,524; 95% CI = 0,053 - 5,129; p =1,000), serta antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dan asma pada anak DA (OR = 1,261; 95% CI = 1,047 - 1,518; p = 0,317). Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dan komorbiditas alergik pada anak-anak dengan Dermatitis Atopik.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is commonly linked to the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Exclusive breastfeeding is proposed to be able to prevent the development of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. However, in children who already developed AD, exclusive breastfeeding is not yet proven to prevent further development into asthma and allergic rhinitis. To evaluate the association between exclusive breastfeeding and allergic comorbidities (asthma and allergic rhinitis) in children diagnosed with AD, we conducted an observational study. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, using medical records and questionnaire as the source to gather the data. A total of 36 children (19 male and 17 female) who were <18 years old, diagnosed with AD in Allergic and Immunological outpatient clinic of Pediatric Ward at Dr. Sardjito Hospital were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were patient with immune deficiency and malignancy, severe infection or sepsis, tuberculosis infection, and insufficient data. Results: There was no significant association found between exclusive breastfeeding and allergic rhinitis in children with AD (OR = 0.524; 95% CI = 0.053 - 5.129; p =1.000), as well as between exclusive breastfeeding and asthma in children with AD (OR = 1.261; 95% CI = 1.047 - 1.518; p = 0.317). Conclusions: There was no significant association found between exclusive breastfeeding and allergic comorbidities in children with Atopic Dermatitis.

Kata Kunci : exclusive breastfeeding, atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, children