PENDEKATAN MOLEKULER KEJADIAN BRUCELLOSIS PADA SAPI POTONG DI JAWA TENGAH

DAVID ARDIYANTO, Prof. drh. Hastari Wuryastuty, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Brucellosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang tinggi. Hewan yang terinfeksi dapat mengalami abortus, retensi plasenta, kawin berulang, lahir mati atau pedet lahir lemah. Deteksi dini dengan metode cepat, tepat dan akurat sangat bermanfaat untuk keberhasilan pengendalian penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari : 1. Hubungan antara gangguan reproduksi dengan kejadian brucellosis pada sapi potong; 2. Waktu terjadinya abortus pada sapi potong penderita brucellosis dan 3. Deteksi uji PCR dalam diagnosa brucella. Dua puluh lima ekor sapi potong dari wilayah Jawa Tengah yang dilaporkan menderita gangguan reproduksi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pada setiap sapi, riwayat menyeluruh, pemeriksaan fisik umum dan pemeriksaan sistem reproduksi dilakukan sebelum mengambil sampel darah. Tiga mililiter sampel darah utuh kemudian diambil dari vena coccygeal menggunakan tabung vacutainer yang dilapisi ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Sampel darah utuh kemudian dianalisis secara molekuler menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk amplifikasi gen brucella bcsp31 dan IS711 yang spesifik untuk penentuan genus dan spesies dari brucella. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan statistik non-parametrik. Selama tiga bulan penelitian, gangguan reproduksi yang diamati dari 25 sapi potong adalah sebagai berikut: abortus (5 kasus), retensi plasenta (4 kasus), prolapsus (2 kasus), stillbirth (5 kasus), repeat breeding (10 kasus), distokia (3 kasus) dan endometritis (1 kasus). Hasil tes PCR menunjukkan bahwa 23 ternak positif untuk B. abortus dan 2 ekor ternak negatif untuk B. abortus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Beberapa gangguan reproduksi berhubungan dengan kejadian brucellosis; 2. Brucella abortus pada sapi potong dapat terjadi pada trimester kedua dan ketiga masa kebuntingan dan 3. Uji PCR menggunakan darah lengkap merupakan uji yang cepat, tepat, spesifik, dan aman untuk diagnosa brucella pada sapi potong.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes high economic losses in cattle production. Infected animals may have experience of abortion, retension of placenta, repeated breeding, stillbirth or birth of weak calf. Early detection using a fast, precise and accurate technique is very useful for the successful desease control. The objectives of this studies were to study: 1. The correlation between reproductive disorders and the incidence of brucellosis in beef cattle; 2. Time of abortion occurrence in beef cattle with brucellosis and 3. The benefits of PCR test in the diagnosis of brucella in beef cattle.Twenty-five beef cattle from the Central Java region that were suffering from reproductive disorders were used in this study. For each cow, health history, general physical examination and examination of the reproductive system were carried out before taking the blood samples. Approximately 3 ml of whole blood sample were taken from coccygeal vein using a vacutainer tube coated with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Whole blood samples were then analyzed molecularly by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify bcsp31 and IS711 genes that are specific for determination the genus and species of of brucella. All of the data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. During the three months of the sudy, the types of reproductive disorders that were from 25 beef cattle were as follow: abortion (5 cases), placenta retention (4 cases), uterine prolaps (2 cases), stillbirth (10 cases). repeated breeding (10 cases), dystochia (3 cases) and endometritis (1 case). PCR test results showed that 23 cattles were positive for B. abortus and 2 cattles were negative for B. abortus. Based on the research can be concluded that: 1. Some reproductive disorders were related to the incidence of brucellosis; 2. Abortus may occur in the second, and third trimester of pregnancy and 3. Using whole blood samples, PCR is fast, precise, specific and safe technique for brucella diagnosis in beef cattle.

Kata Kunci : Brucellosis, sapi potong, gangguan reproduksi, darah utuh, polymerase chain reaction.